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Table 1 Endothelial progenitor cell measurement in systemic lupus erythematosus

From: Endothelial progenitor cells: a new player in lupus?

Number of patients

with SLE

EPC definition

Main findings

Reference

15 with SLE

CD34+KDR+

↓ CD34+, ↓ CD34+KDR+ in SLE

Westerweel et al. [49], 2005

15 controls

 

EPCs inversely correlated with cholesterol

 
  

↑ EPCs in hydroxychloroquine users

 
  

↑ CD34+ apoptotic cells in SLE

 

135 with SLE

(95% were women)

CD34/CD133+

↓ CD34/CD133+ in SLE

Denny et al. [50], 2007

  

EPCs correlated with disease activity

 

60 controls

(55% were women)

 

Impaired differentiation to EC

 
  

EPCs have increased IFN-α expression in SLE

 

44 with SLE

CD34/CD133+

↓ CD34+, CD133+, CD34/CD133+ in SLE

Moonen et al. [51], 2007

35 controls

 

↓ CFUs in SLE

 
  

No correlation with SLE factors

 

70 with SLE

CFU-Hill

↓ CFU-Hill in SLE

Lee et al. [56], 2007

31 controls

CD34/KDR+

↓ CD34/KDR+ in SLE

 
  

EPCs inversely correlated with hsCRP

 
  

No correlation with CHD risk factors or SLE factors

 
  

High IFN-I levels associated with impaired endothelial function in SLE

 

31 with SLE

CD34/CD133/KDR+

↔ CD34/CD133/KDR+

Grisar et al. [54], 2008

14 controls

CFU-Hill

↔ CFU-Hill

 

28 with SLE

CFU-Hill

↔ CFU-Hill

Ablin et al. [55], 2010

50 controls

 

No correlation with CHD risk factors or SLE factors

 

19 with SLE

KDR/CD133+ CD34/KDR+

↓ CD34/KDR+ in SLE

Ebner et al. [57], 2010

19 controls

Late-outgrowth colonies

↑ KDR/CD133+ in SLE

 
  

↔ Late-outgrowth colonies

 

17 with SLE

(100% were women)

CD34/CD133/KDR+

↓ CD34/CD133/KDR+ in SLE

Baker et al. [52], 2011

 

CD34/CD133+

↔ CD34/CD133+

 

13 controls

(38% were women)

 

No correlation with coronary artery calcification score in SLE

 

35 with active SLE

Late-outgrowth colonies

↔ CD34/Dil-acLDL/UEA

Deng et al. [53], 2010

35 controls

CD34/Dil-acLDL/UEA

↓ proliferation, adhesion, and migration in SLE

 
  

No correlation with SLE factors

 
  1. ↑, increase in; ↓, decrease in; ↔, no change in; CFU, colony-forming unit; CHD, coronary heart disease; Dil-acLDL, Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein; EC, endothelial cell; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IFN-α, interferon-alpha; KDR, kinase insert domain receptor; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; UEA, Ulex europaeus agglutinin.