Dutch translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PROMIS ® physical function item bank and cognitive pre-test in Dutch arthritis patients

Table 1 Adjustments of expressions and items made during the process of translating the item bank

Source item	Dutch version; English equivalent	Final Dutch version	Reason for adaptation
Are you able to walk a block on flat ground?	Are you able to walk 150 meter on flat ground?	Kunt u 150 meter lopen op vlakke ondergrond?	'Block' is a poorly understood concept in Dutch.
Are you able to push open a door after turning the knob?	Are you able to push open a door after pushing down the latch?	Kunt u een deur open duwen na nadat u de klink naar beneden heeft geduwd?	Doors in the Netherlands do not have knob-type door operating mechanisms.
Are you able to pour liquid from a bottle into a glass?	Are you able to pour water from a bottle into a glass?	Kunt u water vanuit een fles in een glas schenken?	The word 'liquid' is mostly used to refer to a specific state of matter, rather than something that can be drunk.
Are you able to reach into a high cupboard?	Are you able to retrieve something from a high cupboard?	Kunt u iets uit een hoog keukenkastje pakken?	To reach into is not directly translatable to Dutch.
Are you able to reach into a low cupboard?	Are you able to retrieve something from a low cupboard?	Kunt u iets uit een laag keukenkastje pakken?	To reach into is not directly translatable to Dutch.