Figure 5

Patients displayed greater synergy between MSU and C18:0 in the induction of IL-1β than healthy donors. Release of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C) and TNFα (D)by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gout and healthy volunteers after stimulation with medium alone (RPMI), monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals and saturated fatty acids C18:0 alone or in combination with MSU. Asterisks denote outliers and circles denote extremes. P values indicate significant differences between respective values of patients and healthy controls by Mann-Whitney U test. Gout patients n = 18 and healthy controls n = 12.