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Table 1 Approaches that directly target B cells and plasma cells

From: Rationale of anti-CD19 immunotherapy: an option to target autoreactive plasma cells in autoimmunity

Target

Agent

Putative/intended mechanism of action

Developmental status

CD19

MD1342 (fully human)

B-cell depletion

Phase I for RA, trial suspended

 

CD19 chimeric antigen receptors

 

Phase I/II for B-cell malignancies

 

Blinatumomab

  
 

XmAb5574/MOR208

  
 

MEDI-551

  

CD20

Rituximab (chimeric)

 

Approved for use in NHL, RA and ANCA vasculitides

 

Ocrelizumab (humanized)

 

Phase III for RRMS and PPMS

 

Veltuzumab (humanized)

 

Phase III for RA, phase I/II for AITP

 

Ofatumumab (fully human)

 

Phase III for RA, phase I/II for RRMS

CD22

Epratuzumab (humanized)

Blockade of CD22 - partial depletion of B cells, inhibition of activation, proliferation, survival of B cells

Phase III for SLE

CD52

Anti-CD52 or Campath-1h, Alemtuzumab

Depletion of T cells and B cells

Phase III for MS, phase II for autoimmune cytopenias, phase I for inclusion body myositis, phase I/II for RA not continueda

  1. AITP, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia; ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; MS, multiple sclerosis; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RRMS, relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. Data from http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (accessed 5 January 2012). aSee [150–152].