Table 1 Characteristics of Medicare diabetes patients with and without RA (N = 256,331)
From: Monitoring diabetes in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis: a Medicare study
Characteristic | DM + RA (n = 5,572) | DM no RA (n = 250,759) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics, n (%) | ||||
Age | 65 to 74 years | 3,056 (54.9) | 136,288 (54.4) | 0.47 |
| Â | 75 to 84 years | 2,124 (38.1) | 95,540 (38.1) | 1 |
| Â | 85+ years | 392 (7.0) | 18,931 (7.6) | 0.16 |
Female | Â | 4,164 (74.7) | 151,846 (60.6) | <0.01 |
Race/ethnicity | White | 4,318 (77.5) | 207,565 (82.8) | <0.01 |
| Â | Black | 716 (12.9) | 26,495 (10.6) | <0.01 |
| Â | Other | 538 (9.7) | 16,699 (6.7) | <0.01 |
Medicaid | Â | 1,480 (26.6) | 46,944 (18.7) | <0.01 |
RUCA category | Urban | 3,936 (71.8) | 164,742 (66.4) | <0.01 |
| Â | Suburban | 407 (7.4) | 23,007 (9.3) | <0.01 |
| Â | Large town | 554 (10.1) | 31,229 (12.6) | <0.01 |
| Â | Small town | 586 (10.7) | 29,033 (11.7) | <0.01 |
Baseline cardiovascular profile, n (%) | ||||
Myocardial infarction | 266 (4.8) | 11,146 (4.4) | 0.24 | |
Ischemic heart disease | 3,237 (58.0) | 126,690 (50.5) | <0.01 | |
Congestive heart failure | 2,063 (37.0) | 73,057 (29.1) | <0.01 | |
Stroke/Transient ischemic attack | 793 (14.2) | 31,971 (12.8) | <0.01 | |
Hyperlipidemia | 4,151 (74.5) | 190,713 (76.1) | <0.01 | |
Baseline diabetes complication profile, n (%) | ||||
Peripheral vascular disease | 2,410 (43.3) | 82,440 (32.9) | <0.01 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 952 (17.1) | 35,984 (14.4) | <0.01 | |
Lower extremity ulcers | 703 (12.6) | 17,815 (7.1) | <0.01 | |
Amputation | 50 (0.9) | 1,587 (0.6) | <0.05 | |
Diabetic eye disease | 765 (13.7) | 40,417 (16.1) | <0.01 | |
Other comorbidity and baseline utilization measures | ||||
Orthopedic surgery, n (%) | 1,452 (26.1) | 32,121 (12.8) | <0.01 | |
Gait device, n (%) | 492 (8.8) | 12,768 (5.1) | <0.01 | |
HCC score, mean (SD) | 1.55 (1.04) | 0.82 (0.80) | <0.01 | |
Hospitalization 2004 to 2006, n (%) | 3,379 (60.6) | 125,168 (49.9) | <0.01 | |
Total unique providers, three-year mean (SD) | 8.8 (5.7) | 6.3 (4.0) | <0.01 | |
Total outpatient visits, annual mean (SD) | 14.7 (9.3) | 9.6 (6.7) | <0.01 | |
| Â | PCP visits, annual mean (SD) | 7.0 (5.9) | 5.3 (4.0) | <0.01 |
| Â | Rheumatology visits, annual mean (SD) | 2.0 (3.1) | 0.1 (0.5) | <0.01 |
| Â | Other specialty visits, annual mean (SD) | 5.6 (5.8) | 4.1 (4.7) | <0.01 |