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Table 2 Descriptive data of study population (n = 105)

From: Biomechanical factors and physical examination findings in osteoarthritis of the knee: associations with tissue abnormalities assessed by conventional radiography and high-resolution 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging

 

Mean ± SD

n(%)

Demographics

  

Age (years)

61.4 ± 6.9

 

Gender (female)

 

73 (70)

Duration of knee complaints (years)

11.3 ± 9.3

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.1 ± 4.7

 

Radiographic severitya

  

K-L score 0/1

 

32 (31)

   K-L score 2

 

28 (27)

   K-L score 3

 

26 (25)

   K-L score 4

 

19 (18)

Pain severity (NRS, 0 to 10)

5.1 ± 2.1

 

Biomechanical factors

  

Quadriceps muscle strength (Nm/kg)a

0.89 ± 0.47

 

Hamstrings muscle strength (Nm/kg)a

0.61 ± 0.26

 

Proprioceptive accuracy (degrees)a

2.9 ± 1.9

 

Varus-valgus laxity (degrees)a

6.9 ± 2.8

 

Physical examination findings

  

Bony tenderness (yes)a

 

75 (71)

Crepitus (yes)a

 

86 (82)

Bony enlargement (yes)a

 

12 (11)

Palpable warmth (yes)a

 

4 (4)

Tissue abnormalities, detected by CR

Median (range)

n

Joint space widtha

  

   MTF (0, 1, 2, 3)b

 

5, 29, 31, 40

   LTF (0, 1, 2, 3)b

 

68, 20, 10, 7

   PF (0, 1, 2, 3)b

 

31, 44, 22, 8

Osteophytesa

  

   MTF (0, 1, 2, 3)c

 

21, 57, 24, 3

   LTF (0, 1, 2, 3)c

 

43, 49, 11, 2

   PF (0, 1, 2, 3)c

 

11, 67, 25, 2

Tissue abnormalities, detected by MRI

  

Cartilage integritya

  

   MTF (0 to 6)

4 (0 to 6)

 

   LTF (0 to 6)

2 (0 to 6)

 

   PF (0 to 12)

2 (0 to 12)

 

Osteophytesa

  

   MTF (0 to 9)

3 (0 to 9)

 

   LTF (0 to 9)

2 (0 to 9)

 

   PF (0 to 18)

5 (0 to 12)

 

Bone marrow lesionsa

  

   MTF (0 to 6)

1 (0 to 6)

 

   LTF (0 to 6)

0 (0 to 6)

 

   PF (0 to 12)

0 (0 to 8)

 

Effusion (0, 1, 2, 3)a,d

 

34, 31, 27, 13

Synovitisa presence, n (%)

  

   In at least one region

 

36 (34)

   In Hoffa's fat pad

 

31 (30)

   In medial posterior-condylar region

 

13 (12)

   In lateral posterior-condylar region

 

12 (11)

   In medial recess

 

6 (6)

   In lateral recess

 

7 (7)

  1. CR, conventional radiography; K-L, Kellgren-Lawrence; LTF, lateral tibiofemoral compartment; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTF, medial tibiofemoral compartment; NRS: numeric rating scale; PF, patellafemoral compartment; SD, standard deviation. aData from index knee. b0 = none, 1 = minute narrowing (0 to 33%); 2 = definite narrowing (33 to 66%); 3 = ankylosis (66 to 99%). c0 = none, 1 = minute, 2 = definite, 3 = large. d0 = none, 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe.