Figure 1

Pro-inflammatory cytokines determination and clinical evaluation of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). (A) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and (B) prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) were assessed in serum from control and AIA rats with ELISA. (C-E) Clinical evaluation was performed by measuring paw swelling (C, D) and arthritis score (C, E). Data are mean ± SEM of three experiments. Statistics: one-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (CTL versus AIA), ^#P < 0.05 (AIA versus AIA+Ram). CTL, control; Ram, ramipril.