Predictors of use of pain medications for persistent knee pain after primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: a cohort study using an institutional joint registry

Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted^* predictors of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after primary total knee arthroplasty

	Multivariable-adjusted ^* analysis, 2-year follow-up			Multivariable-adjusted ^* analysis, 5-year follow-up
	Odds ratio	(95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio	(95% CI)	P-value
Male gender (reference female)	0.52	(0.41, 0.64)	< 0.001^a	0.64	(0.48, 0.85)	0.002^a
Age (reference ≤ 60 yrs)
> 60 to 70 yrs	0.92	(0.70, 1.20)	0.53	0.57	(0.41, 0.80)	0.001^a
> 70 to 80 yrs	0.72	(0.54, 0.95)	0.02^a	0.56	(0.39, 0.79)	0.001^a
> 80 yrs	0.52	(0.33, 0.82)	0.005^a	1.00	(0.61, 1.64)	0.99
Body mass index (reference < 25 kg/m²)
25.0 to 29.9	1.20	(0.85, 1.70)	0.30	1.32	(0.87, 2.00)	0.20
30.0 to 34.9	1.08	(0.76, 1.55)	0.66	1.12	(0.72, 1.74)	0.63
35.0 to 39.9	1.44	(0.98, 2.13)	0.07	0.84	(0.50, 1.41)	0.50
≥ 40.0	1.64	(1.08, 2.48)	0.02^a	1.22	(0.68, 2.20)	0.50
Deyo-Charlson index (5-point change)	1.06	(0.80, 1.41)	0.68	0.93	(0.67, 1.31)	0.69
Depression (reference no depression)	1.39	(1.04, 1.85)	0.03^a	1.68	(1.12, 2.51)	0.01^a
Anxiety (reference no anxiety)	1.11	(0.77, 1.61)	0.56	0.85	(0.49, 1.47)	0.56

*Adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, distance from the medical center, income, operative diagnosis and implant fixation in addition to all the variables in the table. ^aSignificant odds ratios and P-values; CI, confidence interval. Goodness of fit statistic calculated as quasi likelihood ratio with lower value indicating a better fit: 2 years, 3461.7; 5 years, 2098.4.

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