Perspectives on epigenetic-based immune intervention for rheumatic diseases

Table 1 Aberrant epigenetic machinery in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Enzyme	Alternative symbol	Observation	Disease setting	Cell type	Reference
DNMT1		Decreased	SLE	WBCs	[10, 12, 13]
			SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[15]
			RA
DNMT3B		Decreased	SLE	WBCs	[10]
KAT2B	PCAF	Increased	SLE	PBMCs	[28]
KAT3A	CBP	Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
KAT3B	P300	Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
HDAC1		Increased	SLE	PBMCs	[20]
				FLSs	[21]
		Decreased	FLS	Synovial tissues	[22]
HDAC2		Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
HDAC4		Altered sumoylation	RA	FLSs	[23]
HDAC7		Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
HDAC9		Increased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[24]
SIRT1		Increased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
KMT?	SETD6	Decreased	RA	PBMCs	[26]
			JIA
KMT1B	SUV39H2	Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
KMT6	EZH2	Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[27]
		Increased	RA	FLSs	[25]
KDM6B	JMJD3	Decreased	SLE	CD4⁺ T cells	[29]

CBP, CREB-binding protein; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; EZH2, enhancer of Zeste, Drosophila, Homolog 2; FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocyte; HDAC, histone deacetylase; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; JMJD3, Jumonji domain-containing protein 3; KAT, K-acetyltransferase; KDM6B, lysine-specific demethylase 6B; KMT, K-methyltransferase; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PCAF, p300/CBP-associated factor; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SETD6, SET domain containing 6; SIRT1, Sirtuin 1; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SUV39H2, suppressor of variegation 3-9, Drosophila, Homolog of, 2; WBC, white blood cell.

ISSN: 1478-6362