Table 1 Overview of major epigenetic DNA and chromatin modification systems
System | Abbreviation | Class | Substrate/mark |
|---|---|---|---|
DNA modifications | |||
DNA methyltransferases | DNMT | Writer | Cytosine |
Candidate systems: methylcytosine hydroxylation, DNA glycosylation, base excision repair and deaminases? | - | Eraser | 5-methyl-C, 5-OH-methyl-C |
Methyl-CpG binding domain | MBD | Reader | 5-methyl-C |
Histone modifications | |||
Histone lysine methyltransferases | KMT | Writer | Methylation (lysine) |
Histone methyl-lysine demethylases | KDM | Eraser | Demethylation (methyl lysine) |
Chromodomain, Tudor domain, MBT domain, PWWP domain, PHD fingers, WD40 domain | - | Reader | Methyl lysine |
Protein arginine methyltransferases | PRMT | Writer | Arginine methylation |
Protein arginine deiminases | PADI | Eraser | deimination |
Tudor domain | - | Reader | Methyl-arginine |
Histone lysine acetyltransferases | KAT | Writer | Acetylation (lysine) |
Histone lysine deacetylases | HDAC | Eraser | Deacetylation (lysine) |
Bromodomain | - | Reader | Acetyl-lysine |