Peripheral regulatory cells immunophenotyping in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Furuzawa-Carballeda, Janette; Hernández-Molina, Gabriela; Lima, Guadalupe; Rivera-Vicencio, Yahaira; Férez-Blando, Karen; Llorente, Luis

doi:10.1186/ar4245

Arthritis Research & Therapy

Table 2 IL-10-producing B cells, IDO-expressing dendritic cells and forkhead box protein 3-expressing regulatory T peripheral cells

From: Peripheral regulatory cells immunophenotyping in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Variable	Control (n= 25)	All pSS patients (n= 50)	Clinically active pSS patients (n= 17)	Clinically inactive pSS patients (n= 33)	Serologically active pSS patients (n= 29)	Serologically inactive pSS patients (n= 18)	Clinically and serologically active pSS patients (n= 12)	Clinically active and serologically inactive pSS patients (n= 4)	Clinically inactive and serologically active pSS patients (n= 17)	Clinically and serologically inactive pSS patients (n= 14)
CD19⁺ B cells from PBMCs (%) Mean ± SEM Median Range	10.7 ± 0.7 10.5 5.2 to 19.3	11.0 ± 1.0 10.5 0.4 to 30.0	11.0 ± 1.6 10.7 1.6 to 27.3	11.0 ± 1.2 10.1 0.4 to 30.0	11.2 ± 1.3 9.4 0.4 to 30.0	13.0 ± 1.6 11.9 1.0 to 27.3	9.8 ± 2.1 10.0 1.6 to 27.3	15.6 ± 1.2 14.7 14.0 to 19.0	10.5 ± 1.7 8.4 0.4 to 30.0	12.2 ± 2.0 10.5 1.0 to 27.3
IL-10--producing B cells (%)
CD19⁺/CD38^hi Mean ± SEM Median Range	1.6 ± 0.2 1.4 0.8 to 4.5	3.5 ± 0.3 2.9 0.3 to 9.0	3.8 ± 0.7 2.9 0.3 to 9.0	3.4 ± 0.3 2.9 1.2 to 8.8	3.8 ± 0.5 2.9 0.3 to 9.0	3.0 ± 0.3 2.8 1.2 to 5.8	4.0 ± 0.9 3.4 0.3 to 9.0	2.3 ± 0.5 2.1 1.3 to 3.6	3.6 ± 0.5 2.8 1.4 to 8.8	3.3 ± 0.3 3.0 1.2 to 5.8
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	0.13 ± 0.02 0.10 0.03 to 0.40	0.16 ± 0.02 0.12 0.03 to 0.91	0.18 ± 0.05 0.14 0.03 to 0.91	0.15 ± 0.02 0.11 0.03 to 0.43	0.17 ± 0.03 0.12 0.03 to 0.91	0.14 ± 0.03 0.08 0.03 to 0.35	0.21 ± 0.07 0.25 0.04 to 0.91	0.09 ± 0.05 0.07 0.03 to 0.21	0.14 ± 0.03 0.10 0.03 to 0.43	0.16 ± 0.03 0.13 0.03 to 0.35
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/IgA⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	65.8 ± 1.5 66.4 51.3 to 78.6	75.7 ± 1.9 77.3^e 36.4 to 94.6	75.2 ± 3.6 74.6 45.8 to 94.6	76.3 ± 2.6 80.4^e 36.4 to 93.8	75.3 ± 2.6 78.1^e 36.4 to 94.6	75.3 ± 3.7 75.7^e 43.3 to 93.8	72.9 ± 4.5 74.4 45.8 to 94.6	77.7 ± 3.4 75.7 73.0 to 84.4	76.9 ± 3.2 80.0^e 36.4 to 89.8	74.5 ± 5.0 78.8 43.3 to 93.8
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/IgG⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	55.3 ± 2.8 60.8 26.7 to 79.6	42.8 ± 2.0 41.7^e 22.2 to 74.2	38.6 ± 3.7 32.9^e 22.2 to 65.2	48.1 ± 2.0 48.6^ae 31.4 to 74.2	45.3 ± 2.5 41.7^e 23.2 to 74.2	45.2 ± 3.2 46.0 22.2 to 59.3	39.3 ± 4.2 32.9^e 23.2 to 65.2	41.2 ± 10.7 42.1 22.2 to 59.3	49.2 ± 2.9 49.5 31.4 to 74.2	46.6 ± 3.0 46.2 33.3 to 57.8
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/IgM⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	21.7 ± 1.3 21.1 10.7 to 35.0	22.8 ± 1.5 20.2 3.0 to 54.0	20.2 ± 2.4 15.8 10.0 to 38.7	25.1 ± 2.2 22.7 3.0 to 54.0	22.8 ± 2.1 21.1 3.0 to 52.2	25.4 ± 3.2 23.1 12.1 to 54.0	21.7 ± 3.1 22.6 10.2 to 38.7	16.4 ± 1.7 15.8 13.8 to 19.5	23.5 ± 2.8 20.2 3.0 to 52.2	28.2 ± 3.8 28.2 12.1 to 54.0
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi Mean ± SEM Median Range	0.7 ± 0.1 0.5 0.2 to 2.9	0.6 ± 0.1 0.5 0.1 to 1.6	1.7 ± 0.4 1.1 0.3 to 4.7	2.2 ± 0.3 2.0 0.4 to 7.7	2.2 ± 0.3 1.7 0.3 to 8.8	1.8 ± 0.2 1.7 0.4 to 3.7	1.9 ± 0.5 1.0 0.3 to 4.7	0.8 ± 0.2 0.8 0.4 to 1.3	2.4 ± 0.4 2.0 0.5 to 7.7	2.1 ± 0.3 2.2 0.5 to 3.7
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	0.20 ± 0.02 0.19 0.06 to 0.44	0.55 ± 0.05 0.46 ^e 0.12 to 1.59	0.38 ± 0.05 0.37 0.12 to 0.87	0.63 ± 0.06 0.56^e 0.13 to 1.59	0.57 ± 0.07* 0.47^e 0.12 to 1.59	0.53 ± 0.07 0.46^e 0.15 to 1.07	0.40 ± 0.06 0.40 0.12 to 0.87	0.32 ± 0.06 0.32 0.18 to 0.47	0.69 ± 0.09 0.65^e 0.13 to 1.59	0.59 ± 0.08 0.52^e 0.15 to 1.07
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CD5⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	17.7 ± 1.3 15.5 8.6 to 32.4	20.2 ± 1.4 20.0 2.8 to 45.2	11.4 ± 1.4 10.9^e 2.8 to 22.8	24.8 ± 1.4 23.7^{a e} 8.0 to 45.2	18.8 ± 1.7 18.8 2.8 to 38.7	22.9 ± 2.5 23.5 7.1 to 45.2	11.9 ± 1.8 11.8 ^e 2.8 to 22.8	11.0 ± 2.3 10.1 7.1 to 16.6	23.1 ± 2.0 22.0 8.0 to 38.7	27.1 ± 2.2 24.2^e 16.2 to 45.2
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CD10⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	15.8 ± 1.3 16.7 3.3 to 27.0	22.5 ± 1.6 22.9^e 4.4 to 42.9	16.9 ± 2.8 13.8 4.4 to 39.7	25.5 ± 1.7 25.6^ae 6.6 to 42.9	19.5 ± 2.0 20.0 4.4 to 39.7	27.5 ± 2.2 26.3^be 10.3 to 42.9	16.1 ± 3.9 10.7 4.4 to 39.7	19.6 ± 3.9 19.8 10.3 to 28.6	21.9 ± 2.1 22.9^e 6.6 to 33.3	30.1 ± 2.1 29.8^de 18.2 to 42.9
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CD20⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	20.3 ± 1.6 17.5 11.1 to 37.2	29.4 ± 2.1 27.9^e 10.2 to 66.7	23.8 ± 3.2 16.2 10.2 to 46.2	32.5 ± 2.6 30.9^ae 12.6 to 66.7	27.9 ± 2.5 23.8 12.5 to 54.8	28.5 ± 3.6 26.6 10.2 to 66.7	23.8 ± 3.5 16.5 12.5 to 45.5	18.4 ± 7.2 11.6 10.2 to 40.0	30.7 ± 3.3 33.0^e 12.6 to 54.8	31.2 ± 3.8 27.3^e 16.2 to 66.7
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CD27⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	35.4 ± 2.1 34.0 21.5 to 54.5	38.8 ± 1.8 41.0 11.3 to 68.5	37.0 ± 3.0 39.6 11.5 to 61.8	39.7 ± 2.3 41.0 11.3 to 68.5	40.1 ± 2.4 41.5 11.5 to 68.5	36.9 ± 2.7 37.9 11.3 to 52.5	37.5 ± 3.7 38.1 11.5--61.8	41.5 ± 1.8 43.0 37.9 to 43.6	42.0 ± 3.2 42.4 18.4 to 68.5	35.6 ± 3.2 35.0 11.3 to 52.5
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CD27^--/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	11.3 ± 1.8 7.8 0.0 to 32.6	23.9 ± 1.8 20.7^e 5.5 to 52.7	25.8 ± 3.8 22.4^e 5.5 to 52.7	23.0 ± 1.9 20.2^e 7.4 to 49.5	26.1 ± 2.5 21.7^e 5.5 to 52.7	20.5 ± 2.5 17.9^e 7.4 to 41.7	27.8 ± 4.9 28.2^e 5.5 to 52.7	21.5 ± 0.94 21.7 19.8 to 23.0	25.0 ± 2.6 20.7^e 9.8 to 49.5	20.7 ± 2.9 14.6^e 7.4 to 41.7
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CXCR4⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	28.3 ± 1.3 27.3 19.6 to 43.2	26.6 ± 1.5 27.0 9.6 to 46.1	23.0 ± 3.2 15.1 9.6 to 46.1	28.6 ± 1.4 28.9 16.0 to 44.4	25.4 ± 1.9 24.5 12.5 to 46.1	28.0 ± 2.6 28.1 9.6 to 44.4	21.8 ± 3.6 15.0 12.5 to 46.1	28.0 ± 9.1 29.0 9.6 to 44.4	28.1 ± 1.8 28.5 16.0 to 43.2	28.1 ± 2.1 28.5 17.2 to 44.4
CD19⁺/CD38^hi/CD24^hi/CXCR7⁺/IL-10⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	20.6 ± 1.3 18.7 12.3 to 33.1	25.9 ± 2.3 22.5 5.6 to 85.7	18.2 ± 2.5 17.3 5.6 to 34.62	29.5 ± 2.9 26.1^ae 7.3 to 85.7	24.3 ± 3.1 20.3 5.6 to 85.7	27.2 ± 3.0 27.2 10.8 to 50.0	17.4 ± 2.6 17.4 5.6 to 33.6	20.9 ± 7.1 17.2 10.8 to 34.6	28.8 ± 4.5 23.0 7.3 to 85.7	27.9 ± 3.2 27.2 17.1 to 50.0
pDC IDO⁺ (%)
CCR6⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	15.3 ± 0.9 16.5 8.7 to 21.8	16.7 ± 0.8 15.6 8.6 to 31.1	15.2 ± 1.1 15.4 8.6 to 24.7	17.5 ± 1.1 16.1 9.2 to 31.1	16.1 ± 1.0 15.5 8.6 to 28.7	18.4 ± 1.6 17.8 9.5 to 31.1	14.4 ± 1.3 14.3 8.6 to 24.6	17.3 ± 2.8 19.0 9.5 to 21.1	17.2 ± 1.3 16.1 9.2 to 28.7	19.1 ± 2.3 16.2 10.3 to 31.1
CD123⁺/CCR6⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	0.40 ± 0.06 0.35 0.12 to 0.98	0.35 ± 0.07 0.2 0.03 to 2.89	0.29 ± 0.06 0.2 0.07 to 0.82	0.38 ± 0.11 0.19 0.03 to 2.89	0.29 ± 0.34 0.2 0.03 to 1.84	0.42 ± 0.18 0.2 0.07 to 2.9	0.3 ± 0.06 0.21 0.08 to 0.72	0.14 ± 0.03 0.15 0.07 to 0.2	0.29 ± 0.10 0.15 0.03 to 1.84	0.46 ± 0.27 0.20 0.13 to 2.89
CD123⁺/CCR6⁺/IDO⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	16.6 ± 1.0 16.7 10.2 to 29.6	27.4 ± 1.8 26.7^e 7.4 to 57.2	30.8 ± 3.5 28.7^e 14.2 to 57.2	25.5 ± 2.0 23.9^e 7.4 to 49.4	28.0 ± 2.3 27.7^e 7.4 to 57.2	28.4 ± 3.2 28.2^e 12.1 to 49.4	31.4 ± 4.5 28.9^e 14.2 to 57.2	31.9 ± 6.0 32.8 ^{c e} 18.0 to 44.0	25.5 ± 2.4 27.4^e 7.4 to 43.0	27.2 ± 3.9 27.1^e 12.1 to 49.4
Foxp3--expressing T cells (%)
CD4⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	28.4 ± 1.3 26.6 18.7 to 43.0	22.7 ± 1.4 22.7 7.1 to 45.7	20.6 ± 2.1 17.3 10.8 to 45.7	23.5 ± 1.8 25.2 7.1 to 39.8	22.1 ± 1.8 21.4 7.1 to 45.7	23.3 ± 2.5 26.1 8.6 to 39.8	21.1 ± 2.7 18.2 12.5 to 45.7	18.0 ± 4.1 15.7 10.8 to 29.9	22.8 ± 2.4 23.0 7.1 to 38.0	25.4 ± 3.3 26.9 8.6 to 39.8
CD4⁺/CD25^hi Mean ± SEM Median Range	0.78 ± 0.14 0.54 0.17 to 2.69	0.36 ± 0.06 0.26^e 0.10 to 2.93	0.27 ± 0.04 0.20^e 0.12 to 0.64	0.40 ± 0.09 0.27 0.10 to 2.93	0.27 ± 0.03 0.25^e 0.10 to 0.80	0.52 ± 0.17 0.28 0.12 to 2.93	0.28 ± 0.04 0.23 0.12 to 0.64	0.28 ± 0.09 0.28 0.12 to 0.44	0.27 ± 0.04 0.25^e 0.10 to 0.80	0.53 ± 0.24 0.28 0.12 to 2.93
CD4⁺/CD25^hi/Foxp3⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	5.7 ± 0.3 5.8 3.3 to 9.0	6.4 ± 0.4 6.5 1.4 to 11.2	6.2 ± 0.6 5.9 2.2 to 11.2	6.5 ± 0.4 6.6 1.4 to 10.9	6.7 ± 0.5 6.9 2.0 to 11.6	6.1 ± 0.6 6.1 1.4 to 10.9	6.6 ± 0.8 6.4 2.2 to 11.2	6.2 ± 1.2 5.8 4.0 to 9.2	6.8 ± 0.6 6.9 2.0 to 10.4	6.0 ± 0.7 6.1 1.4 to 10.9
CD8⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	10.5 ± 0.8 10.6 3.5 to 16.7	12.2 ± 1.2 10.1 3.2 to 38.4	12.6 ± 2.5 8.7 3.2 to 38.4	11.8 ± 1.3 10.7 3.3 to 27.0	13.0 ± 1.8 9.7 3.2 to 38.4	10.9 ± 1.5 10.5 3.3 to 27.0	14.4 ± 3.5 10.1 3.2 to 38.4	8.2 ± 1.9 6.6 5.8 to 13.9	12.1 ± 2.0 9.7 3.5 to 25.6	12.3 ± 2.1 12.0 3.3 to 27.0
CD8⁺/CD28^-- Mean ± SEM Median Range	3.7 ± 0.3 3.4 1.1 to 8.2	5.1 ± 0.6 3.6 0.8 to 17.4	5.4 ± 1.2 3.4 1.0 to 17.4	4.9 ± 0.6 3.7 0.8 to 13.6	5.8 ± 0.9 4.0 0.8 to 17.4	4.1 ± 0.6 3.6 1.4 to 9.3	6.1 ± 1.6 3.7 1.0 to 17.4	4.0 ± 1.3 3.5 1.4 to 7.4	5.6 ± 1.0 4.9 0.8 to 13.6	4.1 ± 0.7 3.6 1.6 to 9.3
CD8⁺/CD28^--/Foxp3⁺ Mean ± SEM Median Range	5.6 ± 0.3 5.6 2.8 to 8.8	3.9 ± 0.3 3.7 ^e 1.1 to 8.9	4.2 ± 0.6 4.0 1.2 to 8.9	3.8 ± 0.3 3.6 ^e 1.1 to 7.3	3.9 ± 0.4 3.5 ^e 1.1 to 8.9	4.2 ± 0.5 4.4 1.8 to 8.5	4.0 ± 0.8 3.7 1.3 to 8.9	5.3 ± 1.2 5.1 2.6 to 8.5	3.8 ± 0.5 3.5 ^e 1.1 to 7.3	3.9 ± 0.5 3.9 ^e 1.8 to 6.8

Control, control group of healthy individuals. ^aP < 0.05: patients with clinically active versus clinically inactive primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS); ^bP < 0.05: patients with serologically active versus serologically inactive pSS; ^cP < 0.05: patients with clinically and serologically active versus clinically active but serologically inactive pSS; ^dP < 0.05: patients with clinically inactive but serologically active versus clinically and serologically inactive pSS. IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SEM, standard error of the mean; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1478-6362

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com