| Rheumatoid arthritis |  | |
---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Present (n= 115) | Absent (n= 159) | P-valuea |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
   Age, years | 55.7 (10.3) | 56.5 (10.9) | 0.5 |
   Female (%) | 89.6 | 86.2 | 0.45 |
Lifestyle factors | Â | Â | Â |
   Alcohol use (%) | 0 | 17.6 | - |
   Units per week, numberb | 0 | 0.27 (1.08) | - |
Exercise (%) | 41.7 | 42.8 | 1.0 |
   Hours per week, numberb | 0.1 (1.0) | 1.7 (2.4) | 0.0004 |
Anthropometric measures | Â | Â | Â |
Body mass index | 29.2 (6.6) | 33.7 (8.0) | <0.0001 |
   <20 kg/m2 (%) | 5.4 | 2.5 | 0.2 |
   20 to 24.9 kg/m2 (%) | 25.2 | 8.8 | 0.0004 |
   25 to 29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 25.2 | 23.3 | 0.8 |
   >29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 44.1 | 64.8 | 0.0001 |
   Waist circumference, cm | 93.1 (13.3) | 97.5 (15.0) | 0.01 |
   Waist/height | 0.58 (0.09) | 0.62 (0.1) | 0.0003 |
   Hip circumference, cm | 110 (18) | 116 (15) | 0.002 |
   Waist/hipb | 0.85 (1.14) | 0.84 (1.13) | 0.4 |
Cardiovascular drugs | Â | Â | Â |
   Antihypertensive agents |  |  |  |
   Use (%) | 53.9 | 40.2 | 0.02 |
   Number | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.5 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
   >1 agent (%) | 36.5 | 8.8 | <0.0001 |
   Diuretic (%) | 38.3 | 39.0 | 1.0 |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (%) | 40.8 | 6.9 | <0.0001 |
   Calcium channel blocker (%) | 16.5 | 5.0 | 0.002 |
   Beta blocker (%) | 3.5 | 0 | - |
   Angiotensin receptor blocker (%) | 0.9 | 0 | - |
   Glucose lowering agents |  |  |  |
   Oral glucose lowering agent (%) | 13.9 | 10.1 | 0.3 |
   Insulin (%) | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.3 |
   Statin (%) | 19.1 | 0 | - |
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent (%) | 6.1 | 4.4 | 0.6 |
Rheumatoid arthritis characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
   Disease duration, years | 12.5 (8.8) |  |  |
   Clinical Disease Activity Indexb [58] | 8.3 (2.6) |  |  |
   <2.8 or remission (%) | 17.4 |  |  |
   2.7 to 10 or mild disease activity (%) | 29.6 |  |  |
   11 to 22 or moderate disease activity (%) | 40.0 |  |  |
   >22 or high disease activity (%) | 13.0 |  |  |
   Deformed joints, numberb | 6.2 (2.7) |  |  |
   Rheumatoid factor positive (%) | 76.5 |  |  |
   Disease modifying agents |  |  |  |
   Methotrexate (%) | 92.2 |  |  |
   Chloroquine (%) | 80.9 |  |  |
   Sulphasalazine (%) | 25.2 |  |  |
   Leflunomide (%) | 20.0 |  |  |
   Azathioprine (%) | 14.8 |  |  |
   Tetracyclin (%) | 10.4 |  |  |
   Cyclophosphamide (%) | 6.1 |  |  |
   Penicillamine (%) | 2.6 |  |  |