In vitro
| | | | | | | |
PDGF
|
100 ng/ml
|
Human
|
Annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Significant reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cells
|
Gruber et al.[30]
|
1997
|
|
1-20 ng/ml
|
Bovine
|
Coccygeal nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Improved proliferation
|
Pratsinis and Kletsas [35]
|
2007
|
IGF1
|
20 ng/ml
|
Mature canine
|
Intervertebral disc tissues
|
None
|
Increased matrix synthesis and cell proliferation
|
Thompson et al.[32]
|
1991
|
|
1-1,000 ng/ml
|
Bovine
|
Nucleus pulposus cells
|
None
|
Increased proteoglycan synthesis
|
Osada et al.[29]
|
1996
|
|
20-500 ng/ml
|
Human
|
Annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Significant reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cells
|
Gruber et al.[34]
|
2000
|
|
5-200 ng/ml
|
Bovine
|
Coccygeal nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Improved proliferation
|
Pratsinis and Kletsas [35]
|
2007
|
|
5 ng/ml
|
E19 rat
|
Annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Upregulation of extracellular matrix
|
Hayes et al.[33]
|
2011
|
TGF-β1
|
1 ng/ml
|
Mature canine
|
Intervertebral disc tissues
|
None
|
Increased matrix synthesis and cell proliferation
|
Thompson et al.[32]
|
1991
|
|
5 ng/ml
|
E19 rat
|
Annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Pushed cells towards a fibrocartilaginous phenotype
|
Hayes and Ralphs [33]
|
2011
|
|
10 ng/ml
|
Rabbit
|
Nucleus pulposus cells
|
Atelocollagen
|
Robust refurbishment of matrix
|
Lee et al.[31]
|
2012
|
VEGF
|
Not mentioned
|
Vegfr-1lacZ/+ and Vegfr-2lacZ/+ mouse
|
Nucleus pulposus cells
|
None
|
Promotion of nucleus pulposus survival
|
Fujita et al.[36]
|
2008
|
bFGF
|
300 ng/ml
|
Mature canine
|
Intervertebral disc tissues
|
None
|
Increased matrix synthesis and cell proliferation
|
Thompson et al.[32]
|
1991
|
|
0.1-20 ng/ml
|
Bovine
|
Coccygeal nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells
|
None
|
Enhanced proliferation
|
Pratsinis and Kletsas [35]
|
2007
|
EGF
|
1 ng/ml
|
Mature canine
|
Intervertebral disc tissues
|
None
|
Enhanced proliferation
|
Thompson et al.[32]
|
1991
|
CTGF
|
Not mentioned
|
Rhesus monkey
|
Lumbar intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells
|
None
|
Enhanced synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen II
|
Liu et al.[37]
|
2010
|
In vivo
| | | | | | | |
IGF1
|
8 ng/8 ul/disc
|
Male Swiss Webster mouse
|
Caudal disc compression model
|
None
|
An upward trend of cell density, but not statistically significant (single injection); a trend of increased disc height, but also not statistically significant (multiple injections)
|
Walsh et al.[38]
|
2004
|
TGF-β1
|
1.6 ng/8 μl/disc
|
Male Swiss Webster mouse
|
Caudal disc compression model
|
None
|
A greater percentage of proliferating cells, but not statistically significant (single injection); increased population of anular fibrochondrocytes (multiple injections)
|
Walsh et al.[38]
|
2004
|
bFGF
|
8 ng/8 μl/disc
|
Male Swiss Webster mouse
|
Caudal disc compression model
|
None
|
An upward trend of cell density, but not statistically significant (single injection)
|
Walsh et al.[38]
|
2004
|