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Figure 3 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 3

From: Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin ameliorate development of arthritis caused by injection of collagen type II in mice

Figure 3

Effect of PEA- LUT combination therapy on locomotor activity and pain evaluation. CIA-subjected mice shortened the time to stay on a rotating rod compared with sham mice (A). Locomotor abilities on the rotarod are better maintained in CIA + PEA than in CIA + Vehicle mice (A). Locomotor abilities on the rotarod are not better maintained in CIA + LUT than on CIA + PEA mice (A). A significant difference in locomotor activity was found between PEA and PEA-LUT combination therapy, as well as between PEA LUT combination therapy and LUT-alone treatment (A). In addition, pain evaluation in CIA + vehicle, CIA-LUT, CIA + PEA, CIA + PEA-LUT, and sham mice was measured by a hotplate test and a plantar test. Measurements were recorded in mice able to ambulate. CIA + vehicle mice exhibit increased pain sensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia compared with normal controls. (B, C). PEA treatment reduced significantly pain sensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia in CIA-PEA-treated mice (B, C). LUT treatment did not significantly reduce pain sensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia compared with the PEA group (B, C). The combination therapy with PEA-LUT enhanced the reduction of pain sensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia compared with a higher dose of PEA (B, C). Figure is representative of all the animals in each group. Values are given as mean ± SEM of 20 animals for each group. *P < 0.01 versus Sham-control. °P < 0.01 versus CIA. # P < 0.01 versus CIA-PEA. § P < 0.01 versus CIA-LUT.

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