Serum level of adiponectin is a surrogate independent biomarker of radiographic disease progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort

Table 4 Association of baseline serum adipokine levels and rapid radiographic disease progression defined as an increase of ≥ 5 units in total SHS between inclusion and 1 year (total ∆SHS ≥5)

		Univariate model		Model 1 “Base”		Model 2 “metabolic”		Model 3 “metabolic + RA”		Model 4 “metabolic + RA + steroid”
		OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Adiponectin	∆SHS ≥ 5	1.47 (0.98-2.20)	0.06	1.7 (1.11-2.61)	0.02	1.85 (1.16-2.94)	0.01	2.0 (1.14-3.52)	0.02	2.0 (1.14-3.52)	0.02
Leptin	∆SHS ≥ 5	0.73 (0.54-0.97)	0.03	0.75 (0.55-1.04)	0.09	0.98 (0.61-1.56)	0.92	0.97 (0.55-1.68)	0.90	0.97 (0.56-1.68)	0.90
Visfatin/NAMPT	∆SHS ≥ 5	1.14 (0.83 1.56)	0.41	1.12 (0.82-1.54)	0.48	1.11 (0.79-1.55)	0.56	0.96 (0.64-1.44)	0.85	0.96 (0.64-1.44)	0.85

OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Multivariate models:
Model 1 (“base”): sex + age.
Model 2 (“metabolic”): model 1 + BMI + HOMA-IR index.
Model 3 (“metabolic + RA”): model 2 + CRP level + DAS28-ESR value + HAQ score + RF status + anti-CCP antibody status + presence of radiographic changes at inclusion.
Model 4 (“metabolic + RA + steroid”): model 3 + steroid prescription at inclusion.
The following variables were log-transformed: CRP level, HAQ score, serum adipokine levels. Bold P values are significant.