From: Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: insight into risk factors and microstructural changes
Species | Joint | Reference | Histology |
---|---|---|---|
Human | Knee | Bergman et al.[105] | 1.Thickening trabeculae |
 |  |  | 2. Bone marrow fibrosis |
 | Knee | Zanetti et al.[106] | 1. Normal tissue: fatty marrow (53%), intact trabeculae (16%), blood vessels (2%) |
 |  |  | 2. Abnormal tissue: bone marrow necrosis (11%), necrotic or remodeled trabeculae (8%), bone marrow fibrosis (4%), bone marrow edema (4%), bone marrow bleeding (2%) |
 | Knee | Hunter et al.[104] | 1. Sclerotic trabeculae |
 |  |  | 2. Abnormal marrow infiltration: granulation, edema, diffuse necrosis, fibrosis, hyperplasia of blood vessel walls |
 | Knee | Kazakia et al.[107] | 1. Sclerotic trabeculae |
 |  |  | 2. Abnormal marrow infiltration: fibrous collagen, woven bone |
Canine | Knee | Nolte-Ernsting et al.[108] | 1. Osteosclerosis |
 |  |  | 2. Intra-osseous cysts |
 |  |  | 3. Abnormal marrow infiltration: fibrosis, new bone formation |
 | Knee | Baird et al.[109] | 1. Remodeled trabeculae |
 |  |  | 2. Myxomatous fibro-reactive marrow, increased hemato/myelopoietic elements and vascular congestion |
 | Knee | Martig et al.[110] | Hematopoiesis and myxomatous transformation of the bone marrow, fibrosis |