Study ID | Â | Cases | Controls | Â | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Age matching | Location | Total | Source/type | Sexa | Ageb | Total | Source/type | Sexa | Ageb | Anti-EBV (IgG/IgA) | Test used |
Berkun and colleagues [19] | ‘Matched by age’ | Colombia | 120 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | 119:1 | 38.6 (11.9) | 140 | Healthy controls | 130:10 | 39.1 (10.1) | VCA, EBNA1, EA (IgG) | IFA |
Chen and colleagues [20] | ‘Age matched’ | Taiwan | 36 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 32:4 | 30.7 (6.5) | 36 | Not specified | 32:4 | 30.6 (6.2) | VCA (IgG/IgA) | IFA |
Chen and colleagues [21] | None | Taiwan | 94 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 82:12 | 42.1 (9.8) | 370 | ‘Healthy volunteers’ | 220:150 | 35.7 (13.9) | VCA (IgG), EBNA1 (IgG/IgA) | ELISA |
Esen and colleagues [37] | None | Turkey | 198 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 180:18 | 38 (13)/17 to 74 | 65 | Not specified | 42:23 | 35 (7)/21 to 50 | VCA, EBNA1, EA (IgG) | ELISA |
Evans [22] | None | USA | 100 | ‘Typical multi-system disease’ and positive LE cell test | Not specified | 14 aged <20, 86 aged >20 | 34 | Tuberculosis patients | Not specified | Not specified | Anti-EBV IgG (unspecified) | IFA |
Gergely and colleagues [23] | ‘Identical age and sex distribution’ | Hungary | 70 | ‘Typical multi-system disease’ | Not specified | Not specified | 70 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Anti-EBV IgG (unspecified) | IFA |
Huggins and colleagues [24] | None | UK | 36 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 36:0 | 45 (14) | 25 | Blood donors | 25:0 | 47 (18) | VCA, EBNA1, EA (IgG) | IFA |
James and colleagues [13] | ‘Similar by age’ | USA | 117 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | 15.8 (2.15) | 153 | Siblings/community controls | Not specified | 15.4 (2.51) | VCA (IgG) | ELISA |
James and colleagues. [25] | Matched by age ±10 years | USA | 196 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 184:12 | 44.7 (12.4)/20 to 76 | 392 | Selected from predigrees from lupus genetic study | 368:24 | 45.9 (12.9)/20 to 84 | VCA (IgG) | ELISA |
Kitagawa and colleagues [26] | None | Japan | 65 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | Not specified | 66 | ‘Healthy donors’ | Not specified | Not specified | EBNA1 (IgG) | IFA |
Lau and colleagues [27] | None | Hong Kong | 34 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | Not specified | 22 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | VCA, EA (IgG/IgA) | IFA |
Lu and colleagues [28] | Age matched within 2 years | Taiwan | 93 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 95% female | 35.2 (14.2) | 370 | ‘Healthy volunteers’ | 95% female | Not specified | EBNA1 (IgA), anti-EBV-DNase (IgG) | ELISA |
Marchini and colleagues [29] | None | Italy | 40 | ‘Patients attending Clinical Immunology Unit’ | Not specified | Not specified | 20 | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | EBNA1 (IgG) | ELISA |
Newkirk and colleagues [39] | None | Canada | 70 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | 63:7 | 44.3 (2.5) | 31 | Not specified | 19:12 | 46.5 (2.8) | EA (IgG) | ELISA |
Ngou and colleagues [30] | None | France | 33 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | Not specified | 50 | Blood donors | Not specified | Not specified | EBNA1 (IgG) | IFA |
Parks and colleagues [18] | Age matched by 5-year subgroups | USA | 230 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 90% female | Not specified | 276 | Community controls | 90% female | Not specified | VCA (IgG/IgA) | ELISA |
Stevens and colleagues [32] | None | USA | 34 | ‘Classical clinical picture’ and positive LE cell test | All female | Not specified | 33 | ‘Normal’ hospital controls | All female | Not specified | Nuclear reacting antibody | ELISA |
Stratta and colleagues [31] | None | Italy | 60 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | 51:9 | 41/21 to 66 | 100 | Blood donors | 28:72 | 39 (15) | VCA, EA (IgG) | IFA |
Sun and colleagues [15] | ‘Mean age matched between cases and controls’ | China | 108 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 93:15 | 34.1 (12.1) | 122 | ‘Healthy controls’ | 111:11 | 33.5 (7.6) | VCA or EBNA1 (IgG) | ELISA |
Tazi and colleagues [33] | ‘Age matched’ | Morocco | 44 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | 39:5 | 33/19 to 55 | 44 | Blood donors | 39:5 | 33/19 to 55 | VCA, EBNA1 (IgG) | ELISA |
Tsai and colleagues [34] | ‘Age matched’ | Taiwan | 16 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | 16.9 (3.3) | 20 | Not specified | Not specified | 12.3 (2.6) | VCA (IgG) | IFA |
Us and colleagues [38] | None | Turkey | 50 | 1997 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | Not specified | 50 | Blood donors | Not specified | 35 (14) | VCA, EBNA1, EA (IgG) | ELISA |
Westgeest and colleagues [40] | None | Netherlands | 14 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | Not specified | Not specified | 84 | Blood donors | Not specified | Not specified | EBNA1 IgG | IFA |
Yokochi and colleagues [35] | None | Japan | 16 | 1982 ACR criteria for SLE | All female | 53 (12)/27 to 72 | 30 | ‘Healthy donors’ | 26:4 | 46 (9)/30 to 69 | VCA, EBNA, EA (IgG) | IFA |
Zhang and colleagues. [36] | None | China | 36 | ‘SLE’ | Not specified | Not specified | 45 | ‘Normal controls’ | Not specified | Not specified | VCA (IgG/IgA) | IFA |