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Table 3 Correlation between clinical, biological and ultrasound data and serum biomarkers

From: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission and ultrasound-defined active synovitis exhibit higher disease activity and increased serum levels of angiogenic biomarkers

 

Ultrasound-defined synovitis

SH ≥2

PDUS ≥1

ACPA titers

RF titers

CRP

DAS28-ESR

DAS28-CRP

 

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

R 2

P valuea

Activin A

0.234

0.085

0.228

0.093

0.164

0.231

0.409

0.002

-0.000

0.973

0.183

0.181

0.095

0.486

0.199

0.144

ANG

0.213

0.117

0.214

0.115

0.150

0.274

0.275

0.042

0.157

0.250

0.078

0.567

0.054

0.691

0.273

0.044

ANG-2

0.283

0.036

0.214

0.115

0.059

0.666

0.078

0.567

-0.130

0.314

0.081

0.553

0.001

0.989

0.189

0.165

ANG

-0.210

0.109

-0.090

0.513

-0.295

0.029

-0.010

0.908

0.342

0.011

0.083

0.544

0.043

0.751

-0.250

0.064

ANGPTL4

-0.060

0.628

-0.010

0.920

-0.110

0.387

0.116

0.398

0.268

0.048

0.352

0.008

-0.190

0.160

-0.050

0.714

bFGF

0.366

0.006

0.265

0.050

0.264

0.051

0.335

0.012

1.000

0.094

0.096

0.485

-0.030

0.825

0.186

0.173

CXCL16

0.006

0.960

-0.040

0.738

0,066

0,629

0.251

0.064

-0.030

0.787

0.283

0.036

0.003

0.978

0.067

0.626

ENA-78

0.013

0.920

-0.060

0.639

0,019

0,890

0.164

0.231

0.083

0.544

0.035

0.795

0.400

0.002

0.000

0.968

GRO

0.128

0.350

0.079

0.565

-0,010

0,888

0.341

0.011

0.090

0.510

0.054

0.693

0.140

0.308

0.064

0.641

IL-17 F

0.023

0.868

0.050

0.713

0,042

0,756

0.206

0.130

0.083

0.573

0.358

0.007

-0.090

0.502

0.098

0.474

IL-18

0.250

0.065

0.154

0.259

0,188

0,169

0.323

0.016

0.537

<0.001 b

0.190

0.163

-0.080

0.528

0.106

0.441

IL-20

0.227

0.095

0.193

0.156

0,133

0,332

0.409

0.002

0.306

0.023

0.097

0.481

0.049

0.719

0.195

0.153

IL-33

0.027

0.841

0.076

0.580

0,014

0,918

0.291

0.031

0.310

0.021

0.323

0.016

-0.160

0.220

0.107

0.433

MMP-2

0.301

0.025

0.268

0.048

0,178

0,192

0.368

0.006

0.454

<0.001 b

-0.000

0.988

0.002

0.987

0.166

0.225

PlGF

0.276

0.041

0.207

0.128

0,202

0,138

0.354

0.008

0.535

<0.001 b

0.162

0.237

0.106

0.439

0.207

0.128

SDF-1

0.288

0.033

0.212

0.119

0,214

0,116

0.359

0.007

0.167

0.222

0.144

0.294

0.074

0.587

0.178

0.193

TGF-β1

0.232

0.088

0.298

0.027

0,085

0,534

0.042

0.758

0.263

0.052

0.217

0.110

-0.100

0.443

0.211

0.121

Tie-1

0.217

0.111

0.224

0.100

0,070

0,610

0.439

0.001

0.574

<0.001 b

0.130

0.343

0.026

0.848

0.209

0.125

Tie-2

0.138

0.315

0.191

0.161

0,011

0,931

0.418

0.001

0.396

0.003

0.129

0.345

0.035

0.796

0.168

0.219

TNFα

0.101

0.462

0.163

0.232

-0,030

0,809

0.265

0.050

0.514

<0.001 b

0.124

0.365

-0.040

0.750

0.078

0.569

VEGF

0.071

0.605

0.039

0.776

0,133

0,332

0.114

0.405

0.480

<0.001 b

0.099

0.470

-0.288

0.033

-0.200

0.129

VEGFR-1

0.174

0.202

0.219

0.108

0,078

0,569

0.367

0.006

0.594

<0.001 b

0.083

0.547

0.151

0.270

0.266

0.049

VEGF-D

0.324

0.016

0.239

0.078

0,157

0,251

0.327

0.015

0.264

0.051

0.118

0.388

-0.000

0.954

0.100

0.467

  1. aSpearman’s nonparametric correlation. bP <0.01 adjusted for multiple testing (Bonferroni). ACPA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide/protein antibody; ANG, angiopoietin; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein-4; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CXCL, CC-chemokine ligand; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, 28-joint Disease Activity Score; ENA-78, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GRO, growth-related oncogene; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PDUS, power Doppler ultrasound; PlGF, placental growth factor; RF, rheumatoid factor; SDF-1, stromal-cell derived factor-1; SH, synovial hypertrophy; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1; Tie, tyrosine-kinase with immunoglobulin-like and endothelial growth factor-like domains; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.