Targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines following joint injury: acute intra-articular inhibition of interleukin-1 following knee injury prevents post-traumatic arthritis

Table 3 Biomarkers and cytokines

	Local - saline	Local - IL-1Ra	Local - sTNFRII	P(Kruskal-Wallis)	Systemic - saline	Systemic - IL1-Ra	Systemic - sTNFRII	P(Kruskal-Wallis)
Serum osteocalcin, ng/ml	7.3 ± 9.0	11.1 ± 6.7	111.4 ± 199.5^§	0.08	11.1 ± 11.3	10.6 ± 9.9	10.6 ± 9.9	0.93
Serum CTX-I, ng/ml	17.3 ± 7.4^a	15.9 ± 3.6^a	34.2 ± 24.6^b	0.03	22.5 ± 16.6	23.0 ± 14.1	19.9 ± 9.9	0.73
Serum free active (FA) TGF-β₁, pg/ml	19.1 ± 8.2	20.7 ± 10.3	22.4 ± 11.4	0.97	22.8 ± 11.9	34.3 ± 8.0^§	20.2 ± 19.1	0.07
Serum total TGF-β₁, pg/ml	121,025 ± 45,854^a	108,251 ± 17,183^a	84,573 ± 12,760^b	0.004	95,781 ± 24,239	99,868 ± 4,063	90,003 ± 11,717	0.18
Serum FA/total TGF-β₁ (x 10^-3)	0.18 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.08	0.27 ± 0.14	0.50	0.23 ± 0.10^a,b	0.34 ± 0.07^a	0.24 ± 0.25^b	0.048
Serum CTX-II	5.7 ± 10.1	5.7 ± 7.7	3.8 ± 5.3	0.83	2.4 ± 3.1	1.7 ± 4.4	2.7 ± 4.6	0.88
Serum IL-6, pg/ml	32.5 ± 41.5^a,b	6.3 ± 2.8^a	67.0 ± 103^b	0.004	17.6 ± 35.6	57.9 ± 78.0^§	48.3 ± 77.2^§	0.09
SF IL-6 control limb, pg/ml	1,294 ± 319^a,b	1,348 ± 531^a	626 ± 505^b	0.02	523 ± 657	1,333 ± 365^§	1,197 ± 1,675^§	0.08
SF IL-6 fractured limb, pg/ml	1,513 ± 977^a,b	1,238 ± 299^a	820 ± 500^b	0.04	730 ± 595^a	1,370 ± 587^b	653 ± 486^a	0.04

Serum and synovial fluid (SF) measures of the bone turnover markers osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), cartilage derived CTX-II, joint-tissue-related growth factor TGF-β₁, and the cytokine IL-6. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Data with different letters are statistically different from each other (P <0.05) as measured by Kruskal-Wallis with multiple comparison of the mean ranks. P - values of the measures with significant differences (P <0.05) are shown in boldface text. ^§Trend (P ≤0.09).

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