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Table 1 Salient features of US Hispanic SLE patients from LUMINA and Latin America Mestizo patients from GLADEL (at diagnosis or at last visit)

From: Disease features and outcomes among US lupus patients of Hispanic origin and their Mestizo counterpart in Latina America

Characteristic

LUMINA (n = 114)

GLADEL (n = 619)

P value

Age, mean (SD)

31.3 (12.2)

29.4 (12.6)

0.138

Gender (female), n (%)

106 (93.0)

546 (88.2)

0.135

Disease duration (years), mean (SD)

6.1 (4.3)

4.5 (4.6)

<0.001

Low SESa, n (%)

42/107 (39.3)

391 (63.2)

<0.001

Health insurance, n (%)

56/112 (50.0)

466/615 (72.5)

<0.001

Acute onset, n (%)

34 (29.8)

151 (24.4)

0.220

ACR criteria numberb, mean (SD)

6.8 (1.6)

6.3 (1.5)

0.069

Disease activity (moderate-high)c, n (%)

78/92 (84.8)

438/493 (88.8)

0.268

Renal disorder, n (%)

60 (52.6)

370 (59.8)

0.155

SDI score at last visitb, mean (SD)

2.3 (2.6)

1.7 (1.7)

<0.001

Renal damage (per SDI, at last visit)d, n (%)

37 (32.5)

184 (29.7)

0.559

Deceasedd, n (%)

21 (18.4)

35 (5.7)

<0.001

  1. SES, socioeconomic status; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; SDI, SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) Damage Index. aSES defined as being below the Federally-defined poverty line for LUMINA and as per the Graffar method for GLADEL. bAfter adjusting for disease duration in a Poisson regression model. cDefined as a SLAM (Systemic Lupus Activity Measure) >7 for LUMINA and a SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) >4 for GLADEL. dSignificant after adjusting for disease duration using a Poisson regression model (for the SDI) and logistic regression for mortality