|
Effect*
|
---|
| | |
Cartilage
| |
---|
Gene
|
Edema
|
synovitis
|
synthesis
|
Breakdown
|
---|
TNF
|
+
|
++
|
- -
|
++
|
TGF- β 1†
|
+++
|
+
|
±
|
++
|
IGF-1
|
0
|
0
|
++
|
0
|
BMP-2
|
0
|
0
|
++
|
0
|
iNOS‡
|
0
|
+
|
0
|
0
|
- *Effects are graded on a scale from 0 = no effect to+++ = large stimulatory effect to - - - = large inhibitory effect.†Delivery of the TGF-β 1 gene was associated with theintrasynovial formation of cartilage. Delivery of the iNOS gene was associatedwith neovascularization of synovium. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TGF,transforming growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; BMP, bonemorphogenetic protein; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.