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Table 2 Intra-articular effects of various genes following direct delivery to the synovial lining of normal rabbits knees

From: Lessons learned from gene transfer approaches

 

Effect*

   

Cartilage

 

Gene

Edema

synovitis

synthesis

Breakdown

TNF

+

++

- -

++

TGF- β 1†

+++

+

±

++

IGF-1

0

0

++

0

BMP-2

0

0

++

0

iNOS‡

0

+

0

0

  1. *Effects are graded on a scale from 0 = no effect to+++ = large stimulatory effect to - - - = large inhibitory effect.†Delivery of the TGF-β 1 gene was associated with theintrasynovial formation of cartilage. Delivery of the iNOS gene was associatedwith neovascularization of synovium. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TGF,transforming growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; BMP, bonemorphogenetic protein; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.