From: Adult mesenchymal stem cells and cell-based tissue engineering
Source tissue | Multilineage differentiation potential | Representative references |
---|---|---|
Bone marrow | Adipocyte | |
 | Astrocyte, neuron | |
 | Cardiomyocyte | |
 | Chondrocyte | |
 | Hepatocyte | |
 | Mesangial cell | [13] |
 | Muscle | |
 | Neuron | |
 | Osteoblast | |
 | Stromal cell | [148] |
 | Various embryonic tissue lineages | [139] |
Muscle | Adipocyte, myotubes, osteocyte | [138] |
 | Endothelial cell, neuron | |
 | Chondrocyte | [112] |
 | Osteocyte | [20] |
Trabecular bone | Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast | |
Dermis | Adipocyte, chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast | [21] |
Adipose tissue | Chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast | [16] |
 | Stromal cell | [150] |
Periosteum | Chondrocyte, osteoblast | |
Pericyte | Chondrocyte | [22] |
 | Osteoblast | |
Blood | Adipocyte, fibroblast, osteoblast, osteoclast | [25] |
Synovial membrane | Adipocyte, chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast | [18] |