Prevalence, clinical relevance and characterization of circulating cytotoxic CD4+CD28- T cells in ankylosing spondylitis

Table 1 Association between CD3⁺CD4⁺CD28^- T cells and clinical measurements

% CD4⁺CD28^- grouped according to grade of movement restriction
	Minor	Mean	Major
Cervical rotation (sitting)	3.6 ± 3.4	7.6 ± 6.5	8.9 ± 8.6
Cervical rotation (lying)	4.1 ± 3.5	7.9 ± 6.6	8.7 ± 7.6
Tragus to wall	7.5 ± 5.6	7.7 ± 7.7	8.5 ± 6.7
Chin to jugulum	6.0 ± 6.2	6.6 ± 6.7	9.1 ± 6.6
Head to wall	7.9 ± 6.9	9.2 ± 6.7	6.6 ± 6.0
Chest expansion	4.5 ± 3.8	6.4 ± 5.7	8.5 ± 7.4
Thoracic Schober test	7.1 ± 6.6	7.8 ± 6.6	7.0 ± 6.7
Modified Schober test	4.8 ± 4.4	7.4 ± 6.2	9.0 ± 7.3
Lumbar side flexion	4.2 ± 3.8	8.1 ± 6.5	8.8 ± 7.3
Fingers to floor	5.8 ± 6.9	7.5 ± 6.4	8.9 ± 7.4
Intermalleolar distance	5.9 ± 5.4	8.9 ± 6.9	8.3 ± 7.1

Using the Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent Bonferroni adjustment, there was no association between the levels of CD3⁺CD4⁺CD28^- T cells and grade of clinical restriction in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Patients were grouped in those with minor restrictions (cervical rotation in sitting and lying position > 70°, tragus to wall distance < 15 cm, chin to jugulum distance < 3 cm, head to wall distance < 5 cm, chest expansion > 6 cm, thoracic Schober test > 32 cm, modified Schober test > 6 cm, lumbar side flexion > 10 cm, fingers to floor distance < 20 cm, intermalleolar distance > 100 cm), those with mean restrictions, and those with major restrictions (cervical rotation in sitting and lying position < 15°, tragus to wall distance > 22 cm, chin to jugulum distance > 6 cm, head to wall distance > 20 cm, chest expansion < 2 cm, thoracic Schober test < 30.5 cm, modified Schober test < 3 cm, lumbar side flexion < 5 cm, fingers to floor distance > 50 cm, intermalleolar distance < 70 cm).

ISSN: 1478-6362