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Table 3 Cytokines produced by chondrocytes in native tissue and in culture per cell

From: Cytokine profiles in the joint depend on pathology, but are different between synovial fluid, cartilage tissue and cultured chondrocytes

 

Tissue

Unexpanded chondrocytes

Expanded chondrocytes

Cytokine (per mg DNA)

Healthy (n= 9)

Defect (n= 16)

Osteoarthritis (n= 27)

Pvalue

Healthy (n= 8)

Defect (n= 10)

Osteoarthritis (n= 12)

Pvalue

Healthy (n= 15)

Defect (n= 13)

Osteoarthritis (n= 13)

Pvalue

IL-1α (pg/mg)

5 ± 12

198 ± 630

408 ± 1,062

0.844

439 ± 268

993 ± 743

460 ± 271

0.006

1,718 ± 2,689

1,978 ± 1,464

2,569 ± 2,528

0.006

IL-1β (pg/mg)

0 ± 0

14 ± 41

0 ± 2

0.336

14 ± 33

816 ± 968

125 ± 151

<0.001*

283 ± 368

369 ± 270

459 ± 408

0.010

IL-4 (pg/mg)

0 ± 0

0 ± 1

0 ± 1

0.536

18 ± 49

18 ± 40

40 ± 76

0.691

148 ± 224

200 ± 163

263 ± 259

0.002

IL-6 (pg/mg)

4,813 ± 14,438

678 ± 1,867

1,840 ± 6,389

0.928

1,715 ± 397

1,739 ± 437

1,918 ± 77

0.037

423 ± 414

136 ± 268

721 ± 319

<0.001*

IL-7 (pg/mg)

    

1,288 ± 378

1,120 ± 547

1,304 ± 619

0.457

300 ± 401

411 ± 343

545 ± 555

0.008

IL-8 (ng/mg)

39 ± 94

7 ± 23

28 ± 102

0.192

1,070 ± 572

786 ± 625

784 ± 399

0.036

28 ± 36

36 ± 43

113 ± 85

<0.00*

IL-10 (pg/mg)

0 ± 0

252 ± 783

969 ± 3,344

0.483

3,021 ± 2,455

16,529 ± 20,669

4,925 ± 3,429

0.015

5,200 ± 6,788

6,524 ± 4,806

9,471 ± 9,333

0.029

IL-13 (ng/mg)

0 ± 0

378 ± 783

545 ± 1,531

0.296

2,027 ± 597

3,249 ± 1,155

2,936 ± 1,220

0.002

4,486 ± 6,088

5,614 ± 3,730

6,787 ± 5,935

0.006

TNFα (pg/mg)

499 ± 1,020

2,054 ± 4,520

3,567 ± 8,065

0.714

253 ± 184

414 ± 346

426 ± 452

0.319

183 ± 221

217 ± 148

310 ± 315

0.154

IFNγ (pg/mg)

0 ± 0

175 ± 677

0 ± 0

0.101

50 ± 214

54 ± 245

173 ± 636

0.615

538 ± 866

720 ± 767

1,036 ± 1,287

0.079

OSM (pg/mg)

156 ± 279

135 ± 239

394 ± 776

0.963

111 ± 164

2,736 ± 3,990

369 ± 640

0.138

26 ± 37

26 ± 23

46 ± 55

0.135

LIF (ng/mg)

0 ± 0

1 ± 4

5 ± 13

0.238

76 ± 50

194 ± 127

97 ± 56

0.005

38 ± 37

23 ± 16

48 ± 24

0.000*

Adiponectin (ng/mg)

15,700 ± 12,550

60,900 ± 74,720

20,000 ± 26,960

0.238

1,582 ± 903

3,689 ± 5,136

1,777 ± 1,220

0.723

20 ± 31

22 ± 21

36 ± 41

0.022

Leptin (ng/mg)

14 ± 29

75 ± 151

161 ± 199

0.009

22 ± 7

26 ± 7

22 ± 9

0.125

22 ± 24

29 ± 18

35 ± 27

0.014

MCP1 (pg/mg)

672 ± 1,890

806 ± 1,067

2,216 ± 3,780

0.068

376 ± 148

626 ± 474

331 ± 219

0.065

43 ± 14

38 ± 20

53 ± 49

0.176

RANTES (pg/mg)

0 ± 0

986 ± 2,687

1,074 ± 2,852

0.208

129 ± 149

63 ± 80

106 ± 89

0.057

3 ± 4

1 ± 1

4 ± 4

0.034

bFGF (ng/mg)

196 ± 527

514 ± 762

760 ± 923

0.089

12 ± 15

39 ± 68

11 ± 18

0.427

20 ± 17

23 ± 14

34 ± 26

0.021

HGF (pg/mg)

3,262 ± 6,163

5763 ± 10,551

3,911 ± 4,661

0.565

151 ± 243

431 ± 470

353 ± 534

0.118

4,243 ± 6,533

5,314 ± 4,061

7,242 ± 7,595

0.004

VEGF (ng/mg)

33 ± 22

173 ± 133

66 ± 53

<0.001*

638 ± 468

828 ± 522

742 ± 298

0.333

126 ± 23

133 ± 29

124 ± 25

0.610

IL-1RA (pg/mg)

475 ± 960

990 ± 1938

1,871 ± 7,209

0.868

2,611 ± 2,167

20,259 ± 2,3520

11,005 ± 17,284

0.002

349 ± 260

433 ± 260

579 ± 442

0.031

IL-6Rα (pg/mg)

    

8,217 ± 2,190

5,397 ± 5,195

4,666 ± 5,094

0.037

3,276 ± 10,387

593 ± 324

456 ± 333

0.064

  1. To compare the production of cytokines by chondrocytes in their native tissue (tissue extracts) and during culture (conditioned media day 7, both nonexpanded and expanded chondrocytes), cytokine production was evaluated per DNA in samples from healthy cartilage, debrided cartilage from defects and osteoarthritic cartilage. Results are represented as mean ± standard deviation. Differences in cytokine levels between healthy, cartilage defect and OA donors were determined using the Kruskall–Wallis test (P values shown in table) with post hoc Mann–Whitney U test: tissue ± VEGF: H vs. CD, P = 0.002; H vs. OA, P = 0.024; CD vs. OA, P = 0.002; unexpanded chondrocytes – IL-1β: H vs. CD, P <0.001; H vs. OA, P = 0.002; CD vs. OA, P = 0.013; expanded chondrocytes ± IL-6: H vs. CD, P <0.001; H vs. OA, P <0.001; CD vs. OA, P <0.001; IL-8: H vs. OA, P <0.001; CD vs. OA, P <0.001; H vs. OA, P = 0.008; CD vs. OA, P <0.001. bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CD, cartilage defect; H, healthy; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; LIF, leukaemia inhibitory factor; MCP1, monocyte chemotactic factor 1; OA, osteoarthritis; OSM, oncostatin M; RANTES, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. *P <0.001.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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