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Table 3 Death-adjusted multivariate analyses of cancer risk in both study cohorts

From: The risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking tumor necrosis factor antagonists: a nationwide cohort study

Covariate

Adjusted hazard ratio 4

95% CI

P -value

Biologics use

0.63

0.49, 0.80

<0.001

Male gender

1.10

0.88, 1.38

0.39

Age at start, per year

1.04

1.03, 1.05

0.000

Disease duration1, per year

0.96

0.94, 0.99

0.02

Number of hospital visits, per year during observation

1.01

1.01, 1.02

0.000

Methotrexate2

1.04

0.86, 1.26

0.68

Salfulsalazine2

1.01

0.84, 1.20

0.93

Hydroxychloroquine2

1.13

0.94, 1.36

0.19

Corticosteroids2

1.03

0.84, 1.28

0.75

Diabetes mellitus

1.26

0.92, 1.74

0.15

Ischemic heart disease

0.70

0.54, 0.92

0.01

Cerebrovascular disease

0.75

0.45, 1.26

0.28

Hypertension

1.21

0.98, 1.50

0.07

Chronic liver disease

1.16

0.94, 1.42

0.17

Statins3

0.64

0.48, 0.86

0.003

Metformin3

0.67

0.45, 1.00

0.05

NSAIDs3

0.94

0.54, 1.64

0.83

Beta-blocker3

0.77

0.63, 0.93

0.008

  1. 1Disease duration represented by duration from the first disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) prescription for rheumatoid arthritis to the index date. 2Use of drugs within one year prior to the index date. 3Use of drugs at least once per month on average during follow-up. 4Modified hazard ratio adjusted by multiple covariates including age, gender, disease duration, prior history of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver diseases, use of DMARDs within one year prior to the index date, corticosteroids, aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statins and metformin.