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Figure 3 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 3

From: Increasing expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in synovial tissue and fluid contribute to the progress of arthritis in developmental dysplasia of the hip

Figure 3

The proinflammatory effect of neuropeptides on synoviocytes in vitro . (A-D) Dose dependence of substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus control. (E-J) Genes for inflammation-related cytokines and cartilage erosion factors were evaluated in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes after 24 or 48 hours of treatment with SP or CGRP, respectively. MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. *P < 0.05. Three replicates were performed, and the results were averaged.

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