Characteristics | Control cases ( n = 55) | |
---|---|---|
Mean | (range) | |
Fulfilled ACR-82 criteria, n | 2.2 | (1 to 3) |
Age, yr | 49.0 | (18 to 85) |
Female sex, % | 87.3 | |
Clinical manifestations (%) | ||
Acute cutaneous lupus | 34.5 | |
Chronic cutaneous lupus | 1.8 | |
Photosensitivity | 30.9 | |
Nonscarring alopecia | 10.9 | |
Oral ulcers | 3.6 | |
Arthritis | 38.2 | |
Pleuritis | 12.7 | |
Pericarditis | 9.1 | |
Renal disorder | 3.6 | |
Biopsy-proven lupus nephritis | 3.6 | |
Neurologic disorder (ACR-82) | 0 | |
Neurologic disorder (SLICC-12) | 3.6 | |
Haemolytic anaemia | 1.8 | |
Leukopenia | 14.5 | |
Lymphopenia | 12.7 | |
Thrombocytopenia | 7.3 | |
Immunologic criteria (%) | ||
Antinuclear antibody | 89.1 | |
Anti-dsDNA | 10.9 | |
Anti-Sm | 0 | |
Lupus anticoagulant | 36.5 | |
Anti-cardiolipin | 21.6 | |
Anti-β2-glycoprotein-1b | 21.6 | |
Low complement | 14.5 | |
Direct Coombs testc | 13.6 |