From: Proteasome inhibitors as experimental therapeutics of autoimmune diseases
 | Macrophages | T cells | B cells (plasma cells) | Dendritic cells | Osteoclasts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MG-132 | ↓ activation + pro-inflammatory cytokine production | Not documented | Not documented | Not documented | ↓ RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function |
↑ anti-inflammatory cytokine production | |||||
Bortezomib | ↑ ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression | ↑ induction of apoptosis in activated and proliferating cells | ↓ plasma cells and autoantibody levels in lupus model | ↓ CD40, CD86, CD80, HLA-DR, CD206 and CD209 CD83 expression | ↓ osteoclasto-genesis and differentiation |
Depletion of alloreactive T cells and ↓ Th1 cytokines |  | ↑ apoptosis by ↑ bax | ↑ osteoclasto-genesis and bone destruction | ||
↓ release of NF-κB-inducible cytokines by activated T cells from RA patients |  | ↓ TLR and Rel A and B activation |  | ||
↓ activation, proliferation, survival and important immune functions of human CD4+ T cells |  | ↓ T-cell stimulation capacity |  | ||
↓ TLR trafficking, IFN-α and IL-6 | |||||
Carfilzomib (PR-171) | Not documented | Not documented | ↓ plasma cells lupus model | ↓ TLR trafficking, IFN-α and IL-6 | Not documented |
↑ apoptosis induction | |||||
Delanzomib (CEP-18770/ cephalon) | Not documented | Not documented | ↓ plasma cells and autoantibody levels in lupus model | Not documented | Not documented |
ONX0914 (PR-957) | ↓ IL-23 release | ↓ IFN-γ and IL-2 | ↓ plasma cells and autoantibody levels in arthritis model | ↓ TLR trafficking, IFN-α and IL-6 | Not documented |
Shift from IL-17 to Tregs | ↑ apoptosis | ||||
↓ DC differentiation and maturation |