From: Kinetics of gene expression and bone remodelling in the clinical phase of collagen-induced arthritis
Gene symbol | Ctrl a | 0 to 3d vs. Ctrl b | 1 to 2w vs. Ctrl c | 3 to 4w vs. Ctrl d | Decline vs. Ctrl e | Protein function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
log2 | Fold change ( P -value) | |||||
Ankylosing spondylitis | ||||||
Hapln1 | 6.72 | 1.69 (0.15) | 3.10 (0.01) | 2.89 (0.005) | 2.08 (0.01) | Involved in cartilage development and bone formation. Associated with osteophyte formation in OA [ 30 ]. |
Edil3 | 5.58 | 1.53 (0.14) | 2.95 (0.003) | 3.07 (0.005) | 2.33 (0.11) | Integrin ligand with a proposed role in cartilage development and angiogenesis. Inhibitor of the WNT pathway [ 30 ]. |
Ano6 | 7.22 | 2.25 (0.05) | 1.88 (0.04) | 1.61 (0.14) | 1.19 (0.60) | Regulates phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, which is essential for mineralisation of bone and involved in osteoclast formation [ 30 , 31 ]. |
Psmg1 | 6.95 | 2.04 (0.002) | 1.91 (0.002) | 1.37 (0.03) | 1.03 (0.78) | Proteasome Assembly Chaperone 1. The gene is, in addition, associated with inflammatory bowel disease [32]. |
Rheumatoid arthritis | ||||||
Anapc4 | 6.85 | 1.77 (0.0008) | 1.91 (0.0003) | 1.45 (0.02) | 1.18 (0.45) | An SNP close to this gene was associated with RA susceptibility [33]. The encoded protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in control of the cell cycle, muscle cell function, and function of neurons [34]. |
Cd84 | 5.61 | 3.07 (0.01) | 3.01 (0.004) | 2.17 (0.02) | 1.51 (0.12) | Membrane protein involved in immune function. High expression of the gene was associated with a positive response to Etanercept treatment [35]. |
Il6st | 9.44 | 2.41 (0.03) | 1.79 (0.06) | 1.52 (0.10) | 1.09 (0.76) | Signal transducing subunit for cytokines belonging to the IL-6 family. Activates Stat-3, which plays a role in OC and OB differentiation and their interaction [ 36 ]. |
Ptpn2 | 6.68 | 1.74 (0.06) | 1.78 (0.02) | 1.32 (0.30) | 1.46 (0.16) | Protein phosphatase involved in T-cell activation by regulation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway [33,37,38]. |
Cdk6 | 5.88 | 2.51 (0.10) | 2.35 (0.08) | 2.11 (0.08) | 1.64 (0.21) | Cyclin-dependent kinase involved in proliferation of lymphocytes [39]. |
Prkcq | 7.42 | 0.48 (0.17) | 0.65 (0.26) | 0.55 (0.16) | 0.61 (0.32) | Kinase involved in activation of NFκB and AP-1 transcription factors [39]. |
Prkch | 7.20 | 1.36 (0.04) | 1.43 (0.07) | 1.58 (0.06) | 0.99 (0.95) | Serine/threonine kinase. The association with RA is suggestive [38]. |
Osteoarthritis | ||||||
Gnl3 | 7.81 | 2.41 (0.11) | 2.10 (0.08) | 2.17 (0.07) | 1.47 (0.34) | Nucleostemin. Increased in in vitro cultures of chondrocytes from patients with OA [40]. |
Glt8d | 7.18 | 1.97 (0.03) | 1.99 (0.02) | 1.43 (0.05) | 1.13 (0.71) | Involved in glycosylation of cartilage proteins [40]. |
Pla2g | 5.96 | 1.47 (0.16) | 1.67 (0.04) | 2.06 (0.03) | 1.71 (0.04) | Cytosolic phospholipase A2 enzyme. mRNA transcript was abundantly expressed in chondrocytes from OA patients [41]. |
Ptgs2 | 6.91 | 2.66 (0.01) | 1.72 (0.07) | 1.15 (0.41) | 1.56 (0.03) | Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). mRNA transcript was abundantly expressed in chondrocytes from OA patients [41]. |
Col12a1 | 8.24 | 4.56 (0.04) | 4.82 (0.01) | 2.97 (0.04) | 1.74 (0.22) | A SNP close to this gene has been associated with OA susceptibility [ 40 ]. The encoded protein is expressed by OB in areas of bone formation. KO mice have skeletal abnormalities with less mechanical strength and reduced matrix deposition [ 24 ]. |