Beer and wine consumption and risk of knee or hip osteoarthritis: a case control study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants

Risk factor	Control, number = 933		Knee OA, number = 1001		Hip OA, number = 993
Risk factor	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	P value ^a
Age, mean (SD)	63.4	(8.5)	68.3	(7.3)	67.6	(7.1)	<0.001
Gender, Male	484	51.9	519	51.9	494	49.8	0.556
Body mass Index (BMI)
BMI, mean (SD)	27.3	(4.5)	31.2	(5.3)	29.3	(5.2)	<0.001
<25 kg/m²	308	33.0	90	9.0	191	19.2	<0.001
>25 to <30 kg/m²	396	42.4	363	36.3	413	41.6
≥30 kg/m²	229	24.5	547	54.7	389	39.2
Social Class							<0.001
I and II	275	29.8	176	17.9	217	22.1
III	211	22.8	204	20.7	235	23.9
IV	261	28.3	361	36.6	302	30.7
V and VI	177	19.2	245	24.9	230	23.4
Smoking							<0.001
Never	317	34.0	441	44.1	391	39.4
Past smoker	407	43.6	463	46.3	499	50.3
Current smoker	209	22.4	97	9.7	103	10.4
Occupational risk factors							0.522
No knee OA risk factors	471	50.5	529	53.0	537	54.2
1 knee OA risk factor	145	15.7	140	14.0	146	14.7
2 knee OA risk factors	142	15.2	160	16.0	155	15.6
3 + knee OA risk factors	174	18.7	169	16.9	153	15.4
Significant joint injury	157	16.8	332	33.2	221	22.3	<0.001
Co-morbidities
Hypertension	339	36.3	519	51.9	451	45.5	<0.001
Heart disease	154	16.5	234	23.5	179	18.1	<0.001
Type 1 diabetes	11	1.2	22	2.2	7	0.7	0.013
Type 2 diabetes	63	6.8	92	9.2	69	7.0	0.077
Stroke/haemorrhage	45	4.8	65	6.5	57	5.8	0.281
Kidney disease	368	39.5	61	6.1	61	6.1	<0.001
Liver disease	34	3.6	22	2.2	34	3.4	0.137
Gout	62	6.6	109	10.9	93	9.4	0.004
Diuretic use	190	20.4	359	35.9	352	35.5	<0.001

^aΧ² test for categorical data; one-way analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) for continuous data. The number per group, mean (s.d.) or percentage prevalence are presented. OA, osteoarthritis; SD, standard deviation.

ISSN: 1478-6362