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Table 2 Associations between occupational heavy lifting and hip structural changes

From: Occupational risk factors for hip osteoarthritis are associated with early hip structural abnormalities: a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging study of community-based adults

 

Univariate β or odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Multivariate β or odds ratio (95% CI) Model 1

P

Multivariate β or odds ratio (95% CI) 4 Model 2

P

Heavy lifting aged 18 to 30 years (yes versus no)

Femoral head cartilage volume1

327 (97, 556)

<0.01

18 (−127, 164)

0.80

15 (−132, 162)

0.84

Femoral head cartilage defects 2

      

Anterior

5.7 (0.7, 46.3)

0.11

5.2 (0.6, 44.7)

0.13

5.0 (0.6, 43.1)

0.14

Central superolateral

1.8 (0.8, 3.3)

0.06

1.8 (0.9, 3.4)

0.08

1.8 (0.9, 3.4)

0.09

Central inferomedial

1.5 (0.8, 2.6)

0.17

1.3 (0.7, 2.4)

0.35

1.3 (0.7, 2.4)

0.37

Posterior

1.7 (0.8, 3.5)

0.19

1.8 (0.8, 4.0)

0.15

1.8 (0.8, 4.1)

0.14

Femoroacetabular BMLs 3

      

Anterior

1.0 (0.5, 2.1)

0.93

1.2 (0.6, 2.6)

0.63

1.2 (0.5, 2.6)

0.67

Central superolateral

4.3 (1.8, 10.4)

<0.01

3.8 (1.5, 9.2)

<0.01

3.9 (1.6, 9.8)

<0.01

Central inferomedial

4.0 (0.9, 18.4)

0.08

4.4 (0.9, 21.6)

0.07

5.0 (1.0, 26.2)

0.06

Posterior

2.0 (0.8, 5.4)

0.15

2.3 (0.8, 6.5)

0.10

2.5 (0.9, 7.0)

0.08

Persistence score for heavy lifting (grades 1 to 3)

Femoral head cartilage volume1

189 (33, 345)

0.02

48 (−50, 146)

0.33

49 (−49, 148)

0.32

Femoral head cartilage defects 2

      

Anterior

2.4 (0.8, 7.7)

0.13

3.1 (0.8, 11.0)

0.10

3.1 (0.8, 12.0)

0.11

Central superolateral

1.6 (1.1, 2.5)

0.02

1.6 (1.0, 2.5)

0.04

1.6 (1.0, 2.5)

0.04

Central inferomedial

1.1 (0.8, 1.6)

0.55

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

0.93

1.0 (0.7, 1.6)

0.89

Posterior

1.2 (0.7, 2.0)

0.44

1.2 (0.7, 2.1)

0.48

1.2 (0.7, 2.1)

0.44

Femoroacetabular BMLs 3

      

Anterior

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.34

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.33

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.32

Central superolateral

1.6 (1.0, 2.6)

0.05

1.5 (0.9, 2.5)

0.11

1.5 (0.9, 2.6)

0.09

Central inferomedial

1.9 (0.8, 4.4)

0.14

1.7 (0.7, 4.1)

0.27

1.7 (0.7, 4.3)

0.25

Posterior

1.9 (1.0, 3.8)

0.06

1.9 (1.0, 3.8)

0.07

2.0 (1.0, 4.1)

0.05

  1. 1Regression coefficient (β) (95% CI) where for every one unit increase in the exposure (occupational heavy lifting), there is an associated increase (+) or decrease (−) in femoral head cartilage volume (mm3) adjusted for age, gender, BMI, femoral head bone area and MRI centre in Model 1; 2odds ratio (OR) where for every one unit increase in the exposure (occupational heavy lifting), there is an associated increased risk (value >1) or decreased (value <1) risk for cartilage defects, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, femoral head cartilage volume and MRI centre in Model 1; 3odds ratio (OR) where for every one unit increase in the exposure (occupational heavy lifting), there is an associated increased risk (value >1) or decreased (value <1) risk for BMLs adjusted for age, gender, BMI and MRI centre in Model 1; 4Model 2: vigorous physical activity in past 7 days and heavy domestic chores in past 7 days added to Model 1 multivariate equation. CI, confidence interval; BMLs, bone marrow lesions; BMI, body mass index; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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