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Table 1 Univariable analysis of factors associated with serum IgG anti-apoA-1 levels in the longitudinal group

From: IgG anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with disease activity and corticosteroid therapy: an observational study

Variable

Category

Ratio (95% CI)

P value

Gendera

Female (n = 336)

1

 
 

Male (n = 61)

1.20 (0.85, 1.69)

0.30

Disease duration

Ratio given per 5-year increase

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

0.99

Age (at diagnosis)

Ratio given per 10-year increase

1.02 (0.88, 1.18)

0.81

Ethnicitya

Caucasian (n = 182)

1

 
 

Afro-Caribbean (n = 146)

1.19 (0.90, 1.57)

 
 

Other (n = 69)

1.07 (0.75, 1.53)

0.46

Any ENAb

No (n = 165)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 232)

0.82 (0.63, 1.06)

0.13

Anti-Rob

No (n = 226)

1

 
 

Yes (n-171)

0.90 (0.69, 1.17)

0.41

Anti-Lab

No (n = 345)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 52)

0.54 (0.36, 0.80)

0.002

Anti-Smb

No (n = 298)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 99)

0.64 (0.47, 0.87)

0.004

Anti-RNPb

No (n = 288)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 109)

1.11 (0.84, 1.47)

0.46

Anti-dsDNA level

<50 IU/ml (n = 177)

1

 
 

≥50 IU/ml (n = 170)

1.13 (0.90, 1.43)

0.29

C3 level

<0.9 g/l (n = 139)

1

 
 

≥0.9 g/l (n = 208)

0.82 (0.66, 1.03)

0.09

Disease activity in general systemc

A, B (n = 31)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 344)

0.84 (0.60, 1.18)

0.32

Disease activity in mucocutaneous systemc

A, B (n = 41)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 334)

0.89 (0.65, 1.22)

0.48

Disease activity in neuropsychiatric systemc

A, B (n = 18)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 357)

0.93 (0.57, 1.52)

0.77

Disease activity in musculoskeletal system c

A, B (n = 47)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 328)

0.80 (0.60, 1.08)

0.14

Disease activity in cardiorespiratory systemc

A, B (n = 13)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 362)

0.66 (0.42, 1.02)

0.06

Disease activity in vascular systemc

A, B (n = 12)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 363)

0.80 (0.47, 1.34)

0.40

Disease activity in renal systemc

A, B (n = 41)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 329)

0.75 (0.55, 1.01)

0.06

Disease activity in haematological systemc

A, B (n = 95)

1

 
 

C, D, E (n = 280)

0.63 (0.50, 0.79)

<0.001

Overall disease activity over last four assessments

Persistently low (n = 166)

1

 
 

Persistently moderate/high (n = 209)

1.30 (1.06, 1.59)

0.01

Hydroxychloroquined

No (n = 223)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 174)

0.70 (0.55, 0.88)

0.003

Immunosuppressiond

No (n = 200)

1

 
 

Yes (n = 197)

0.90 (0.73, 1.12)

0.35

Oral prednisoloned

≤7.5 mg/day (n = 101)

1

 
 

>7.5 mg/day (n = 296)

1.39 (1.13, 1.71)

0.002

  1. Bold data indicate values of P <0.05. anti-apoA-1, antibodies to apolipoprotein A-1; BILAG, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group; CI, confidence interval; IgG, immunoglobulin G. ENA; antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens. aFor gender, n values refer to the numbers of samples taken from female and male subjects, rather than numbers of females and males in the cohort of patients. A similar stipulation applies to ethnicity, where n values refer to the number of samples taken from patients of each ethnic group. bFor ENA, anti-Ro, anti-La and anti-Sm, we did not have results from the date of every sample but it is assumed that positivity and negativity for these antigens generally remain stable. c ‘Disease activity in general system’ refers to the BILAG score (A, B, C, D or E) in the General Category of the BILAG index on the day when each sample was taken. The same principle applies to all of the other organ systems listed in the table, which are the eight different categories recorded in the BILAG. dRefers to drugs being taken on the date of the sample.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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