Polychromatic flow cytometry in evaluating rheumatic disease patients

Wei, Chungwen; Jenks, Scott; Sanz, Iñaki

doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0561-1

Arthritis Research & Therapy

Table 1 Phenotype of human B-cell subsets in the periphery

From: Polychromatic flow cytometry in evaluating rheumatic disease patients

B-cell subset		Phenotype ^a	Function/properties ^b	Perturbation
Transitional cells	T1/T2	IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁻MTG⁺CD24⁺⁺CD38⁺⁺CD10⁺IgM⁺	Developmental precursor	↓ in SLE
	T3	IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁻MTG⁺CD24⁺CD38⁺CD10⁻IgM⁺	Developmental precursor	↑ in SLE
Naïve cells	Resting	IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁻MTG⁻CD21⁺CD24^+/−CD38^+/−IgM⁺CD95⁻	Developmental precursor	↓ in SLE, ↑ in SSc
	Activated	IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁻MTG⁺CD21⁻CD24⁻CD38⁻IgM⁺CD95⁺	Precursor of short-lived plasmablast and GC reaction	↑ in SLE, ↑in SSc^c
	Anergic	IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁻MTG⁻CD24⁻CD38⁻IgM^low/–	Hyporesponsive. Maintenance of tolerance	↓ in SLE
Memory cells	Unswitched	IgM⁺ IgD ⁺ CD27 ⁺CD1c⁺	Natural memory marginal zone equivalent	↓ in SLE, RA, pSS
	IgM-only	IgM⁺ IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁺	Pre-switch memory. Early IgM memory. IgG memory precursor	↑ in SLE
	Switched
	Resting	IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁺CD21⁺CD95⁻IgG/A⁺	Protective anti-microbial memory?	↓ in SLE
	Activated	IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁺CD21⁻CD95⁺IgG/A⁺	Pathogenic autoimmune memory?	↑ in SLE, ↓ in pSS
	Double-negative	IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁻IgM/G/A⁺	Tissue based-memory. Exhausted memory?^d	↑ in SLE
Antibody secreting cells	Pre-plasmablasts	IgD ⁻ CD27 ^+/− CD38 ⁺⁺CD138⁻Ki67⁺	Antibody secretion	↑ in SLE
	Plasmablasts	IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁺⁺ CD38 ⁺⁺CD138⁻Ki67⁺	Antibody secretion	↑ in SLE, RA^e
	Plasma cells	IgD ⁻ CD27 ⁺⁺ CD38 ⁺⁺CD138⁺Ki67⁺	Antibody secretion	↑ in SLE, RA^e
Regulatory B cells	Bregs	CD24^hiCD38^hi	IL-10 production	Loss of function in SLE
		CD24^hiCD27⁺
		IgD⁺CD27⁺CD43⁺CD70⁻CD11b⁺
9G4⁺ B cells	9G4⁺	9G4⁺	VH4-34 encoded autoreactive B cells	↑ in SLE
RP105⁻ B cells	RP105⁻	RP105⁻ (IgD⁻CD38^hiCD138^dull)	Resemble antibody secreting cells	↑ in SLE, pSS

^aMarkers in bold font indicate commonly defined core subsets. ^bReferences for the indicated function/properties are incorporated throughout the text. ^cDefined as CD19^hiCD21^low B cells. ^dUnlike the exhausted memory cells in HIV-infected and malaria-infected subjects, double-negative cells in SLE do not express FCRL4. ^eIn RA, the increase in antibody secreting cells is observed in synovial tissues. GC, germinal center; IL, interleukin; pSS, primary Sjogren’s syndrome; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SSC, systemic sclerosis.

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