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Table 2 Time trends in annual total ankle arthroplasty utilization by race

From: Racial disparities in total ankle arthroplasty utilization and outcomes

Year

White

Black

P value

1998

0.14

0.07

<0.0001

1999

0.32

0.04

<0.0001

2000

0.29

0.07

<0.0001

2001

0.52

0.01

<0.0001

2002

0.35

0.13

<0.0001

2003

0.33

0.08

<0.0001

2004

0.40

0.06

<0.0001

2005

0.25

0.07

<0.0001

2006

0.18

0.05

<0.0001

2007

0.26

0.05

<0.0001

2008

0.47

0.10

<0.0001

2009

0.58

0.18

<0.0001

2010

0.90

0.09

<0.0001

2011

1.17

0.33

<0.0001

  1. Total ankle arthroplasty utilization rates increased from 1998 to 2011: White, P <0.0001; Black, P <0.0001 (Cochran Armitage trend test for time trends). White–Black disparity was significantly more in 2011 compared with 1998: P <0.0001.