Table 2 Traditional and disease-related predictors of arterial wall thickening in patients with primary SS
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMT >0.90 (n = 38) | IMT ≤0.90 (n = 26) | P -value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P -value | |
Traditional risk factors | |||||
Age, years | 62.5 ± 9.2 | 49.8 ± 12.6 | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 0.002 |
Female, % | 92.1 | 96.2 | ns | ||
Past medical history of CVD, % | 7.9 | 3.8 | ns | ||
Family history of CVD, % | 13.2 | 15.4 | ns | ||
Smoking, packs/year | 10.5 ± 20.7 | 3.6 ± 7.4 | ns | ||
Body mass index | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 25.0 ± 4.4 | 0.02 | ||
Diabetes, % | 5.3 | 7.7 | ns | ||
Hypertension, % | 47.4 | 19.2 | 0.04 | ||
Cholesterol levels, mg/dl | 202.2 ± 35.2 | 183.8 ± 30.0 | ns | ||
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 57.0 ± 13.9 | 53.5 ± 15.5 | ns | ||
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 126.8 ± 32.2 | 111.2 ± 25.0 | 0.03 | ||
Triglycerides, mg/dl | 111.5 ± 44.7 | 92.5 ± 38.8 | ns | ||
Homocysteine levels, μmol/l | 14.6 ± 4.6 | 14.2 ± 6.0 | ns | ||
Uric acid, mg/dl | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 0.006 | ||
Current steroid dose, mg | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 1.1 ± 2.1 | ns | ||
Total steroid dose, g | 7.8 ± 17 | 6.6 ± 11.3 | ns | ||
Current TSH levels, μ ΙU/dl | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | ns | ||
C-reactive protein, mg/l | 3.1 ± 3.2 | 6.7 ± 16.0 | ns | ||
Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 416.6 ± 108.2 | 395.6 ± 128.1 | ns | ||
25-hydroxy vitamin D3, ng/ml | 22.3 ± 13.4 | 19.8 ± 7.6 | ns | ||
Disease-related features | |||||
Disease duration, years | 8.7 ± 7.4 | 8.0 ± 6.6 | ns | ||
SS disease activity index | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | ns | ||
Focus score, number of foci/4 mm2 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | ns | ||
Whole salivary flow, ml/15 minutes | 2.0 ± 2.8 | 2.6 ± 3.1 | ns | ||
Peri-epithelial disease, % | 31.6 | 3.8 | 0.007 | ||
Arthritis, % | 23.6 | 46.1 | ns | ||
Arthralgias, % | 65.7 | 76.9 | ns | ||
Dry mouth, % | 84.2 | 76.9 | ns | ||
Dry eyes, % | 86.8 | 88.5 | ns | ||
Salivary gland enlargement, % | 21.1 | 15.3 | ns | ||
Raynaud’s phenomenon, % | 28.9 | 23.1 | ns | ||
Lymphadenopathy, % | 18.4 | 19.2 | ns | ||
Splenomegaly, % | 2.6 | 3.8 | ns | ||
Palpable purpura, % | 10.5 | 3.8 | ns | ||
Monoclonal gammopathy (%) | 10.5 | 3.8 | ns | ||
Cryoglobulins (%) | 2.6 | 0 | ns | ||
Lymphoma (%) | 18.4 | 7.6 | ns | ||
Antinuclear antibodies >1/160, % | 89.4 | 96.1 | ns | ||
Anti-Ro/SSA, % | 76.3 | 73.1 | ns | ||
Anti-La/SSB, % | 42.1 | 57.7 | ns | ||
Rheumatoid factor titers, IU/ml | 61.0 ± 104 | 58.3 ± 84.0 | ns | ||
Complement 3, mg/ml | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.002 | ||
Complement 4, mg/ml | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | ns | ||
Absolute number of WBC/mm3 | 5,647 ± 1903 | 5,727 ± 1785 | ns | ||
Absolute number of lymphocytes/mm3 | 1,518 ± 463 | 1,645 ± 756 | ns | ||
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | 34 ± 21 | 31 ± 22 | ns | ||
γ-globulins, % | 18.5 ± 5.2 | 18.6 ± 3.4 | ns | ||
Urine specific gravity | 1,013 ± 6 | 1,018 ± 8.0 | 0.007 | ||
Urine pH | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 0.6 | ns | ||