Table 2 Pregnancy history, renal function and histological classification of renal biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis divided into groups containing renal biopsies either with or without male fetal cells ^a

Number (%)

9 (64)

5 (36)

Age at biopsy (yr), median (range)

38 (22 to 48)

41 (32 to 56)

NS

Time since SLE diagnosis (yr)

6.1 ± 7.6

9.4 ± 4

NS

Age at birth of the first male child (yr)

21.5 ± 3.9

22.6 ± 3.8

NS

Time since birth of the first male child (yr)

16.3 ± 7.7

21 ± 7.3

NS

Number of male pregnancies, n (%)

 1

7 (77.8)

3 (60)

NS

 >1

2 (22.2)

2 (40)

NS

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

1.28 ± 0.73

3.35 ± 2.9

0.03

Proteinuria (g/24 hr)

1.78 ± 1.2

1.15 ± 0.7

NS

Histological classification of renal biopsies^b, n (%)

 Mesangial glomerulonephritis (class II)

1 (11.1)

0 (0)

NS

 Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (class III)

3 (33.3)

0 (0)

NS

 Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV)

3 (33.3)

3 (60)

NS

 Membranous glomerulonephritis (class V)

2 (22.2)

2 (40)

NS