Age (years)
*
|
47.2 (1.3)
|
45.1 (0.7)
|
46.5 (1.5)
|
0.29
|
Gender (n, % female)
**
|
13 (86.7)
|
26 (68.4)
|
10 (52.6)
|
0.11
|
Weight (kg)
*
|
99.0 (3.6)
|
96.5 (2.1)
|
84.4 (4.3)
|
0.02
|
Height (m)
*
|
1.67 (0.01)
|
1.67 (0.01)
|
1.70 (0.02)
|
0.21
|
BMI (kgm
−2
)
*
|
35.7 (1.3)
|
34.8 (0.8)
|
29.3 (1.5)
|
0.002
|
Intervertebral disc height (L1 to S1) (mm)
*
| | | | |
Average
|
10.2 (4.1)
|
10.6 (2.6)
|
11.8 (3.6)
|
0.01
|
Paraspinal muscle properties
|
CSA (cm
2
)
*
| | | | |
Multifidus
|
6.9 (0.4)
|
6.9 (0.3)
|
7.2 (0.4)
|
0.76
|
Erector spinae
|
19.7 (1.1)
|
20.5 (0.7)
|
21.7 (1.0)
|
0.41
|
High fat content, n (%)
**
| | | | |
Multifidus
|
9 (60.0)
|
13 (34.2)
|
3 (15.8)
|
0.03
|
Erector spinae
|
5 (33.3)
|
7 (18.4)
|
1 (5.3)
|
0.11
|
Chronic low back pain grade, n (%)
***
|
Pain free
|
3 (20.0)
|
6 (15.8)
|
5 (26.3)
|
0.049
|
Low disability, low intensity
|
5 (33.3)
|
24 (63.2)
|
14 (73.7)
|
Low disability, high intensity
|
4 (26.7)
|
1 (2.6)
|
0 (0.0)
|
High disability, moderately limiting
|
1 (6.7)
|
4 (10.5)
|
0 (0.0)
|
High disability, severely limiting
|
2 (13.3)
|
3 (7.9)
|
0 (0.0)
|
High pain/disability, n (%)
***
|
7 (46.7)
|
8 (21.1)
|
0 (0.0)
|
0.004
|