Fig. 2

a (i) Representative images of Pam3CSK4 induces HMVEC and RASFC invasion compared to basal control. Following 24 h stimulation, invading cells attached to lower membrane were fixed (1 % glutaraldehyde) and stained (0.1 % crystal violet) (mag x40). (ii) Quantification of HMVEC (n = 4) and RASFC (n = 6) invasion. Quantification of RASFC (b) and RA synovial explant (c) MMP-1 (i), MMP-3 (ii) and TIMP-3 (iii) secretion and MMP-1/TIMP-3 (iv) and MMP-3/TIMP-3 ratio (v) following Pam3CSK4 stimulation (n = 7). d shows representative zymogram for pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 production in RASFC (i) and RA synovial tissue (ii) following 24 h stimulation with Pam3CSK4 (1 μg/ml) (n = 3). Data is represented as mean ± SEM, ^* p <0.05, ^** p <0.01, significantly different to control. HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, RA rheumatoid arthritis, RASFC rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cells, TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase