Severity
| | | | | |
Radiographic
|
Bruyere [13] 2005
|
JSN ≥0.5 mm/3 years
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 4.61 (1.65–12.8)
|
+
|
(N = 8,201)
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Per grade (0–4 grade scale)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 2.09 (1.63–2.69)
|
+
|
|
Collins [15] 2014
|
K/L 3 vs K/L 2a
|
Severe vs no pain WOMAC pain trajectory
|
OR 4.3 (2.1–8.6)
|
+
|
|
Holla [21] 2014
|
Osteophytosis
|
Poor vs good outcome WOMAC-PF trajectory
|
OR 5.68 (2.57–12.55)
|
+
|
|
Oak [26] 2013
|
Baseline JSW (mm)
|
Decrease KOOS pain (KOOS symptom and quality of life show similar regression coefficients)
|
β 1.94 (1.19–2.69)
|
+
|
| |
JSN over 4 years (mm)
|
β 2.31 (1.18–3.44)
|
+
|
Clinical
|
Alschuler [9] 2013
|
NRS of past 7 daysa
|
≥20 % change in combined NRS and WOMAC-PF score
|
Not provided
|
+
|
(N = 7,558)
| |
WOMAC-PFa
| |
Not provided
|
+
|
|
Holla [21] 2014
|
NRS for knee paina
|
Poor vs good outcome WOMAC-PF trajectory
|
OR 1.81 (1.51–2.16)
|
+
|
|
Oak [26] 2013
|
Baseline KOOS value
|
Decrease KOOS pain (KOOS symptom and quality of life show similar regression coefficients)
|
β 0.49 (0.43–0.59)
|
+
|
|
Pisters [27] 2012
|
Per cm increase VASa
|
Increase in self-reported limitations (WOMAC-PF)
|
β 5.99 (2.90–12.4)
|
+
|
|
Sharma [34] 2003
|
Per 20 mm VAS increase
|
Progressing/remaining in poor WOMAC-PF quintiles
|
OR 1.48 (1.12–1.95)
|
+
|
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
NRS of past 30 daysa
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 1.12 (1.02–1.22)
|
+
|
Painful knee flexion
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Yes vs no
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 1.58 (1.04–2.39)
|
+
|
(N = 4,670)
| | | | | |
Joint line tenderness
|
Holla [21] 2014
|
Yes vs no
|
Poor vs good outcome WOMAC-PF trajectory
|
OR 2.63 (1.38–5.02)
|
+
|
(N = 5,367)
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Yes vs no
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 0.71 (0.43–1.18)
|
o
|
Flexion contracture
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Knee flexion contracture (°)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 1.06 (1.02–1.11)
|
+
|
(N = 4,670)
| | | | | |
Knee ROM
|
Holla [21] 2014
|
Active ROM in degrees
|
Poos vs good outcome WOMAC-PF trajectory
|
OR 0.96 (0.93–1.00)
|
–
|
(N = 913)
|
Pisters [27] 2012
|
Mean extension
|
Increase in performance-based limitations (TWT)
|
β 0.92 (0.86–0.98)
|
–
|
Hand grip strength (muscle strength)
|
Muraki [25] 2012
|
Per 1 kg strength increase
|
Incident knee pain at follow-up (baseline K/L ≥2)
|
OR 1.00 (0.98–1.02)
|
o
|
(N = 1,313)
| | | | | |
Quadriceps strength
|
Amin [10] 2009
|
Low vs middle
|
Increase in knee specific VAS pain score
|
Not provided
|
o
|
(N = 5,151)
| |
vs high strength
|
Increase in self-reported limitations (WOMAC-PF)
|
Not provided
|
o
|
|
Pisters [27] 2012
|
Continuous in Newton/kg
|
Increase in self-reported limitations (WOMAC-PF)
|
β 0.11 (0.01–1.36)
|
o
|
| | |
Increase in performance-based limitations (TWT)
|
β 0.60 (0.37–1.03)
|
o
|
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Normalized to bodyweight
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 0.79 (0.65–0.96)
|
–
|
Bone marrow lesions/edema (BMLs/BME)
|
Roemer [32] 2014
|
≥2 subregions vs 0–1
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 4.00 (1.75–9.16)
|
+
|
|
Grade ≥1 vs grade 0
| |
OR 4.00 (0.85–18.84)
|
o
|
Scher [33] 2008
|
Global BME vs none
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 15.2 (2.38–97.1)
|
+
|
(N = 580)
|
Tanamas [35] 2010
|
BMLs, present vs absent
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.57 (1.04–2.35)
|
+
|
| |
Medial BMLs vs absent
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.78 (1.16–2.74)
|
+
|
| |
Lateral BMLs vs absent
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 0.82 (0.43–1.54)
|
o
|
Subchondral bone cysts (MRI)
|
Tanamas [36] 2010
|
Medial, per grade of severity
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.99 (1.01–3.90)
|
+
|
|
Lateral, per grade of severity
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 0.96 (0.48–1.94)
|
o
|
(N = 109)
| | | | | |
Cartilage loss (MRI)
|
Cicuttini [14] 2004
|
Rate 3–8 % per annum
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 2.3 (0.4–12.2)
|
o
|
(N = 681)
| |
Rate >8 % per annum
| |
OR 7.1 (1.4–36.5)
|
+
|
|
Eckstein [17] 2013
|
Change in cMFTC.ThC
|
Knee joint surgery
|
Not provided
|
+
|
| |
Change in MFTC.ThC
|
Not provided
|
+
|
| |
Change in LFTC.ThC
|
Not provided
|
o
|
|
Roemer [32] 2014b
|
Grade 3 vs <3 (whole knee)
| |
OR 4.00 (2.23–7.18)
|
+
|
| |
Grade 3 vs 0 (MFTC)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 3.01 (1.52–5.95)
|
+
|
| |
Grade 3 vs 0 (LFTC)
| |
OR 1.69 (0.94–3.02)
|
o
|
|
Scher [33] 2008
|
≥50 % vs <50 % loss
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 2.06 (0.74–5.70)
|
o
|
Meniscal extrusion (MRI)
|
Roemer [32] 2014
|
≥5 mm vs <5 mm (medial)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.00 (0.60–1.67)
|
o
|
|
≥5 mm vs <5 mm (lateral)
| |
OR 1.42 (0.54–3.75)
|
o
|
(N = 398)
| | | | | |
Meniscal damage (MRI)
|
Roemer [32] 2014
|
Grade 6–8 vs 0–1 (medial)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.84 (1.13–2.99)
|
o
|
(N = 398)
| |
Grade 6–8 vs 0–1 (lateral)
| |
OR 1.10 (0.68–1.77)
|
o
|
Anterior cruciate ligament tear
|
Amin [11] 2008
|
Complete tear on MRI
|
Increase in knee-specific VAS pain score
|
Not provided
|
o
|
|
Complete tear on MRI
|
Increase in self-reported limitations (WOMAC-PF)
|
Not provided
|
o
|
(N = 265)
| | | | | |
Synovitis
|
Roemer [32] 2014
|
Infrapatellar fat pad on MRI
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 2.17 (1.33–3.56)
|
+
|
(N = 764)
|
Hill [19] 2007
|
Infrapatellar fat pad on MRI
|
Increase in knee-specific VAS pain score
|
β 4.89 (0.42–9.36)
|
+
|
| |
Intercondylar on MRI
|
β 5.74 (0.34–11.14)
|
+
|
| |
Suprapatellar on MRI
| |
β 3.35 (–0.34 to 7.05)
|
o
|
|
Conaghan [16] 2010
|
Present on US
|
Knee joint surgery
|
HR 1.54 (0.95–2.50)
|
o
|
Joint effusion
|
Conaghan [16] 2010
|
Present on US
|
Knee joint surgery
|
HR 3.06 (2.00–4.69)
|
+
|
(N = 5,979)
|
Riddle [29] 2009
|
Positive bulge sign
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 2.53 (1.13–5.56)
|
+
|
|
Riddle [30] 2012
|
Positive bulge sign
|
Knee joint surgery
|
RR 1.58 (1.04–2.40)
|
+
|
|
Roemer [32] 2014
|
Present on MRI (grade 1–3)
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 4.75 (2.55–8.85)
|
+
|
Trabecular bone texture
|
Podsiadlo [28] 2014
|
FDmean on FSA, medial
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 0.23 (0.06–0.82)
|
+
|
(N = 114)
| |
FDmean on FSA, lateral
| |
OR 0.33 (0.09–1.22)
|
o
|
C2C (serum)
|
Berry [12] 2009
|
High level vs low
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 1.01 (0.94–1.08)
|
o
|
(N = 117)
| | | | | |
COMP (serum)
|
Berry [12] 2010
|
High level vs low
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 0.77 (0.15–3.81)
|
o
|
(N = 117)
| | | | | |
PIIANP (serum)
|
Berry [12] 2010
|
Natural log baseline levels
|
Knee joint surgery
|
OR 0.28 (0.10–0.93)
|
–
|
(N = 117)
| | | | | |
ARGS (synovial)
|
Larsson [23] 2012
|
Baseline level ARGS > follow-up level ARGS
|
≥10 units progression KOOS Pain
|
OR 3.66 (1.01–13.2)
|
+
|
(N = 74)
|
≥10 units progression KOOS Function of daily living
|
OR 1.11 (0.26–4.80)
|
o
|