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Table 2 Comparison between no pulmonary hypertension and manifest pulmonary hypertension group

From: Stress Doppler echocardiography for early detection of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension

Diagnosis

 

No PH

Manifest PH

 
  

mPAP < 25 mm Hg

mPAP ≥ 25 mm Hg

 
  

n = 54

 

n = 22

  
  

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

P value

Patient characteristics

Age, years

54.0

14.4

67.6

8.8

<0.001

 

Height, cm

167.3

7.8

162.1

8.1

0.02

 

Weight, kg

70.0

16.0

66.0

10.5

n.s.

 

Body surface area, m2

1.77

0.2

1.7

0.2

n.s.

 

Duration of SSc, years

10.7

9.9

15.6

14.4

n.s.

 

Beginning of SSc, years

44.5

15.0

52.4

16.0

0.04

 

Modified Rodnan Skin Score

13.3

8.5

18.4

11.4

0.04

 

6MWD, m

466

77

349

86

<0.001

 

Borg Dyspnoea 20

13

2

15

2

0.003

WHO FC

0-I

17 (31.5 %)

 

0

  
 

II

26 (48.1 %)

 

5 (22.7 %)

III

10 (18.5 %)

 

17 (77.3 %)

Unknown

1 (1.9 %)

 

0

Laboratory

NT-proBNP, pg/mL

290

424

846

773.0

0.02

Blood gas analysis

Oxygen saturation, %

96.8

2.1

94.6

3.4

0.01

Lung function

Vital capacity, %

95.8

24.2

88.2

29.9

n.s.

 

FEV1, %

108.0

93.7

83.7

26.9

n.s.

 

Total lung capacity, %

95.5

21.4

83.8

23.2

0.042

 

Residual volume, %

2.0

0.8

1.9

0.6

n.s.

Diffusion capacity

Diffusion capacity carbon monoxide, %

55.7

13.5

42.1

12.5

<0.001

Echocardio-

RV thickness, mm

6.5

1.2

7.6

1.4

0.01

graphy

TAPSE, mm

24.0

3.5

20.6

4.0

0.001

 

RA area, cm2

11.4

3.3

15.5

5.7

<0.001

 

RV area, cm2

14.6

3.7

17.7

4.2

0.003

 

TRV, m/s

2.3

0.4

3.4

0.6

<0.001

 

PASP, mm Hg

25.6

7.3

52.0

18.0

<0.001

 

PASP max (exercise), mm Hg

49.9

12.7

83.9

18.9

<0.001

Right heart

RAP/CVP, mm Hg

3.8

2.6

6.3

4.5

0.02

catheterisation

mPAP, mm Hg

14.8

3.4

32.6

7.5

<0.001

at rest

PAWP, mm Hg

7.2

3.2

12.4

6.0

0.001

 

Cardiac output, ml/min

5.6

1.3

5.1

1.0

n.s.

 

Cardiac index, l/min per m2

3.1

0.6

2.9

0.5

n.s.

 

PVR, dynes*s/cm5

114

40

339

199

<0.001

During exercise

mPAP max, mm Hg

31

7

50

7

<0.001

 

PAWP max, mm Hg

17

6

21

9

n.s.

 

Cardiac output max, l/min

11.5

3.4

8.3

2.9

<0.001

 

PVR max, dynes*s/cm5

96

42

323

207

<0.001

  1. PH pulmonary hypertension, mPAP mean pulmonary arterial pressure, SD standard deviation, SSc systemic sclerosis, 6MWD 6-minute walking distance, WHO FC World Health Organization functional class, NT-proBNP N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, n.s. not significant, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second, RV right ventricle, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RA right atrium, TRV tricuspid regurgitation velocity, PASP systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, RAP right atrial pressure, CVP central venous pressure, PAWP pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
  2. P values are based on two-sided, unpaired Student’s t tests and Mann-Whitney U test for Borg Dyspnoea Scale score. For Borg Dyspnoea Scale score, median values equal means. Values are mean±SD. For the category of NT-proBNP, values were missing for 14 patients in the mPAP < 25 mm Hg and eight patients in the mPAP ≥ 25 mm Hg group. For the category of RV thickness, values were missing for seven patients for each group. For the categories of RA area, RV area, and TRV, values for one patient were missing in the mPAP < 25 mm Hg group. For the category of PASP, values were missing for three patients in the mPAP < 25 mm Hg group. For the category of PASP max (exercise), values were missing for three patients in the mPAP < 25 mm Hg group. For the categories of cardiac index, mPAP max, PWAP max, cardiac output max, and cardiac index max, values for one patient was missing for each group, respectively