Table 3 Between-group analysis and within-group analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes
Measures | Resistance exercise (experimental) | Relaxation therapy (control) | Between-group analysis of change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Post test | Post-test- baseline | Within-group analysis | Baseline | Post test | Post-test- baseline | Within-group analysis | ||
(n = 67) | (n = 56) | (n = 56) | (n = 63) | (n = 49) | (n = 49) | ||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Δ (SD) | p value | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Δ (SD) | p value | p value | |
Median (min; max) | Median (min; max) | Δ (min; max) | Median (min; max) | Median (min; max) | Δ (min; max) | ||||
Primary outcome | |||||||||
Isometric knee-extension force, N | 330.1 (109.4) | 356.2 (118.9) | 30.4 (71.9) | 0.002 | 298.8 (107.8) | 276.4 (112.9) | −8.8 (70.0) | 0.644 | 0.010 |
326 (111; 643) | 342 (105; 663) | 31 (−157; 178) | 287 (51; 534) | 278 (41; 595) | −10 (−222; 132) | ||||
Secondary outcomes | |||||||||
FIQ total, 0–100 | 60.5 (14.4) | 54.4 (18.2) | −5.7 (15.0) | 0.009 | 61.1 (17.3) | 59.3 (16.0) | 0.1 (12.9) | 0.71 | 0.038 |
59 (31; 95) | 55 (11; 88) | −3 (−51; 20) | 61 (17; 88) | 61 (21; 86) | 1 (−34; 25) | ||||
Current pain intensity, VAS | 49.3 (23.9) | 38.6 (25.2) | −11.5 (25.1) | 0.002 | 52.4 (18.3) | 53.4 (20.0) | −1.5 (16.5) | 0.63 | 0.033 |
50 (5; 100) | 31 (0; 95) | −13 (−83; 48) | 51 (10; 88) | 56 (10; 86) | −2 (−51; 30) | ||||
6MWT, m | 556.6 (75.1) | 579.7 (73.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 0.002 | 540.7 (64.5) | 533.9 (73.1) | −5.6 (43.5) | 0.51 | 0.003 |
566 (360; 766) | 582 (340; 762) | 24 (−290; 196) | 530 (362; 660) | 537 (366; 656) | 1 (−125; 101) | ||||
Isometric elbow flexion force, kg | 13.0 (5.4) | 14.8 (5.6) | 2.4 (3.3) | <0.001 | 10.9 (5.2) | 11.7 (5.6) | 1.2 (3.3) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
13 (2; 32) | 15 (2; 27) | 2 (−5; 12) | 10 (2; 24) | 12 (3; 27) | 1 (−7; 13) | ||||
Hand-grip force, N | 161.8 (68.7) | 181.1 (61.5) | 20.1 (36.1) | <0.001 | 139.4 (61.7) | 147.2 (66.7) | 14.0 (37.9) | 0.013 | 0.49 |
164 (34; 319) | 185 (38; 327) | 14 (−32; 158) | 134 (40; 311) | 146 (39; 327) | 9 (−101; 98) | ||||
SF36 PCS, 0–100 | 31.2 (7.9) | 34.5 (9.1) | 3.3 (7.2) | 0.004 | 29.9 (8.1) | 30.7 (8.3) | 0.8 (5.7) | 0.28 | 0.11 |
31 (12; 50) | 35 (14; 54) | 3 (−13; 18) | 30 (10; 50) | 30 (17; 47) | 1 (−13; 13) | ||||
SF36 MCS, 0–100 | 37.7 (12.2) | 42.0 (12.6) | 3.3 (10.3) | 0.007 | 39.6 (12.1) | 38.8 (12.9) | −0.4 (9.5) | 0.86 | 0.054 |
37 (10; 61) | 44 (12; 62) | 3 (−23; 35) | 42 (16; 59) | 41 (13; 61) | 0 (−22; 23) | ||||
PDI, 0–70 | 35.3 (12.2) | 32.2 (13.1) | −3.8 (10.6) | 0.006 | 35.0 (12.5) | 35.7 (12.4) | 1.4 (9.0) | 0.27 | 0.005 |
36 (8; 69) | 34 (7; 67) | −5 (−29; 23) | 34 (7; 61) | 38 (9; 58) | 0 (−19; 21) | ||||
CPAQ, 0–120 | 63.6 (16.1) | 69.6 (15.2) | 5.7 (13.1) | 0.002 | 62.4 (17.1) | 63.4 (19.1) | 0.1 (11.8) | 0.79 | 0.043 |
63 (19; 106) | 69 (34; 98) | 6 (−27; 46) | 61 (15; 107) | 60 (30; 113) | 2 (−38; 23) | ||||
FABQphysical, 0–24 | 9.7 (6.1) | 8.9 (6.1) | −0.8 (7.0) | 0.36 | 11.2 (6.1) | 10.3 (6.3) | −1.3 (5.6) | 0.24 | 0.92 |
9 (0; 24) | 8 (0; 22) | −1 (−19;19) | 11 (0; 24) | 9 (0; 24) | 0 (−18;10) | ||||
FABQwork, 0–42 | 17.2 (12.7) | 17.8 (13.1) | 0.4 (8.9) | 0.83 | 15.9 (12.1) | 16.67 (12.5) | 1.2 (8.1) | 0.54 | 0.79 |
16 (0; 42) | 16 (0; 42) | 0 (−27; 29) | 12 (0; 42) | 14 (0; 42) | 0 (−19; 30) | ||||