Female, n (%)
|
1545 (53.1)
|
554 (51.2)
|
796 (55.0)
|
0.054
|
220 (70.1)
|
280 (79.5)
|
0.005
|
92 (31.4)
|
81 (23.9)
|
0.035
|
127 (43.1)
|
162 (48.1)
|
0.206
|
115 (63.5)
|
273 (65.2)
|
0.703
|
Age beginning disease, years, mean (SD)
|
40.5 (14.5)
|
40.4 (14.5)
|
41.4 (14.7)
|
0.079
|
45.8 (13)
|
46.1 (13.6)
|
0.743
|
30.1 (11.7)
|
29.6 (11.8)
|
0.620
|
39.2 (13.1)
|
39.4 (13.3)
|
0.846
|
49.4 (12.6)
|
48.5 (12.2)
|
0.406
|
Disease duration, years, mean (SD)
|
11.03 (10.4)
|
11.5 (10.2)
|
10.7 (10.5)
|
0.005
|
10.1 (8.5)
|
10.4 (9.1)
|
0.782
|
17.6 (11.9)
|
17.72 (12.1)
|
0.950
|
11.2 (8.4)
|
11.4 (9.3)
|
0.983
|
4.4 (6.9)
|
4.5 (6.2)
|
0.321
|
Educational level, n (%)
|
Elementary
|
1693 (58.6)
|
646 (60.4)
|
819 (56.8)
|
0.071
|
212 (68.6)
|
242 (68.9)
|
0.926
|
176 (60.7)
|
182 (53.8)
|
0.84
|
173 (59.5)
|
200 (59.5)
|
0.985
|
85 (47.5)
|
195 (46.9)
|
0.891
|
University/secondary
|
1194 (41.4)
|
423 (39.6)
|
622 (43.2)
|
97 (31.4)
|
109 (31.1)
|
114 (39.3)
|
156 (46.2)
|
118 (40.5)
|
136 (40.5)
|
94 (52.5)
|
221 (53.1)
|
Smoking status, n (%)
|
Current smokers
|
743 (25.5)
|
303 (28.0)
|
335 (23.2)
| |
83 (24.4)
|
76 (21.6)
| |
107 (36.5)
|
113 (33.3)
| |
59 (20.0)
|
73 (21.6)
| |
54 (30.0)
|
73 (17.4)
| |
Past smokers
|
845 (29.0)
|
332 (30.7)
|
407 (28.1)
|
0.001
|
86 (27.4)
|
92 (26.1)
|
0.226
|
95 (32.4)
|
107 (31.6)
|
0.530
|
101 (34.2)
|
104 (30.9)
|
0.650
|
50 (27.8)
|
104 (24.8)
|
<0.001
|
Never smokers
|
1322 (45.5)
|
447 (41.3)
|
705 (48.7)
| |
145 (46.2)
|
184 (52.3)
| |
91 (31.1)
|
119 (35.1)
| |
135 (45.8)
|
160 (47.5)
| |
76 (42.2)
|
242 (57.8)
| |
Obesity (BMI ≥30), n (%)
|
2184 (75.0)
|
327 (30.2)
|
308 (21.3)
|
0.001
|
88 (28.0)
|
71 (20.2)
|
0.018
|
83 (28.3)
|
75 (22.1)
|
0.072
|
102 (34.7)
|
89 (26.5)
|
0.025
|
54 (30.0)
|
73 (17.5)
|
0.001
|
Main physical activity, n (%)
|
Sedentary
|
1043 (39.8)
|
380 (39.3)
|
553 (40.8)
| |
92 (34.3)
|
113 (36.1)
| |
103 (39.6)
|
120 (38.7)
| |
110 (41.5)
|
119 (39.1)
| |
75 (42.9)
|
181 (47.6)
| |
Moderate
|
976 (37.2)
|
363 (37.5)
|
472 (36.1)
|
0.734
|
113 (42.2)
|
136 (43.5)
|
0.669
|
90 (34.6)
|
109 (35.2)
|
0.976
|
100 (37.7)
|
107 (35.2)
|
0.386
|
60 (34.3)
|
120 (31.6)
|
0.576
|
Active with displacement
|
604 (23.0)
|
225 (23.2)
|
302 (23.1)
| |
63 (23.5)
|
64 (20.4)
| |
67 (25.8)
|
81 (26.1)
| |
55 (20.8)
|
78 (25.7)
| |
40 (22.9)
|
79 (20.8)
| |
Sunshine hours /month*, median (p25 − p75)
|
189 (138–269)
|
161 (122–225)
|
210 (159–320)
|
<0.001
|
156 (101–193)
|
184 (141–234)
|
<0.001
|
161 (122–202)
|
200 (157–251)
|
<0.001
|
159 (103–200)
|
201 (150–263)
|
<0.001
|
252 (162–345)
|
303 (202–345)
|
0.031
|
Clinical characteristics
|
ESR (mm/h), median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18.0 (9.0–28.0)
|
16.0 (9.0–30.0)
|
0.631
|
10.0 (6.0–23.2)
|
11.0 (6.0–19.0)
|
0.691
|
12.0 (5.0–21.0)
|
12.0 (6.0–21.0)
|
0.471
|
11.0 (5.0–18.0)
|
10.0 (5.0–18.0)
|
0.189
|
CRP (mg/l), median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3.1 (1.4–8.0)
|
3.0 (1.0–7.3)
|
0.543
|
4.1 (1.5–10.6)
|
3.2 (1.6–7.6)
|
0.333
|
3.0 (1.4– 6.1)
|
2.9 (1.3–6.2)
|
0.449
|
2.0 (0.9–4.1)
|
1.9 (1.0–3.2)
|
0.358
|
RF positive, n (%)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
252 (80.3)
|
264 (75.0)
|
0.105
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
ACPA positive, n (%)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
210 (66.9)
|
205 (58.2)
|
0.022
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Erosions, n (%)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
143 (45.5)
|
169 (48.0)
|
0.524
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
79 (26.8)
|
92 (27.3)
|
0.883
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
DAS28-ESR, median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3.0 (2.2–3.8)
|
3.0 (2.3–4.0)
|
0.937
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2.8 (1.9–3.9)
|
2.9 (2.0–3.9)
|
0.807
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
HAQ (0–3), median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.5 (0.1–1.1)
|
0.6 (0.1–1.2)
|
0.193
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.2 (0.0–1.0)
|
0.3 (0.0–1.9)
|
0.601
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
HLA-B27, n (%)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
218 (74.4)
|
275 (81.1)
|
0.042
| |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
BASDAI (0–10), median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3.8 (1.8–5.3)
|
3.3 (1.8–5.0)
|
0.042
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
BASFI (0–10), median (p25 − p75)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
3.7 (1.6–5.8)
|
2.7 (1.2–4.7)
|
0.018
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Treatment
|
Biologic DMARD, n (%)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
123 (39.2)
|
150 (42.6)
|
0.367
|
145 (49.5)
|
158 (46.6)
|
0.470
|
132 (44.7)
|
142 (42.1)
|
0.509
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Vitamin D, n (%)
|
659 (22.6)
|
198 (18.3)
|
392 (27.1)
|
<0.001
|
120 (38.2)
|
166 (47.2)
|
0.020
|
23 (7.8)
|
53 (15.6)
|
0.003
|
32 (10.8)
|
68 (20.2)
|
0.001
|
23 (12.7)
|
105 (25.1)
|
<0.001
|
Calcium supplements, n (%)
|
623 (21.4)
|
191 (17.6)
|
353 (24.4)
|
<0.001
|
118 (37.6)
|
163 (46.3)
|
0.023
|
20 (6.8)
|
42 (12.4)
|
0.019
|
33 (11.2)
|
56 (16.6)
|
0.050
|
20 (11.0)
|
92 (22.0)
|
0.002
|