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Fig. 1 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 1

From: The inhibitory effects of a RANKL-binding peptide on articular and periarticular bone loss in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis: a bone histomorphometric study

Fig. 1

Direct effects of OP3-4 on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. a Microscopic view of osteoclast formation in vitro. TRAP-positive cells are shown (red). Bone marrow macrophages were treated with 25 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml RANKL for 4 days. Scale bar represents 100 μm. b Number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *p <0.05, **p <0.01 vs. vehicle control, $ p <0.05 vs. 1 μM OP3-4, ## p <0.01 vs. 5 μM OP3-4. c ALP-positive cells in the cultures of primary osteoblastic cells on day 7. d Percentage of ALP-stained areas in each well. Data presented as mean ± SD. *p <0.05, **p <0.01 vs. vehicle control. e von Kossa-positive cells in the cultures of primary osteoblastic cells on day 21. f Percentage of von Kossa-stained areas in each well. Data presented as mean ± SD. *p <0.05, **p <0.01 vs. vehicle control; ## p <0.01 vs. 50 μM OP3-4. All cultures were performed at least three times independently, and similar data were obtained each time. Representative images of cultures and quantitative data are provided (n = 3–4/group in each independent experiment). g–i Gene expression analyses of Runx2 g, Alp h, and Bglap1/2 i by quantitative PCR were performed using the cells on day 5 (white bar) and day 14 (black bar). BMP bone morphogenetic protein

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