Fig. 3

Trichostatin A (TSA) attenuates cartilage damage in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) osteoarthritis (OA) and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) OA models. a Histology of joints in the MIA OA model. Osteoarthritis was induced in mice by MIA articular injection. TSA was delivered via subcutaneous injection (2.0 mg/kg/day). Three weeks later, the joint sections were stained with Safranin O/Fast Green. Representative images of mouse joints are shown (n = 6 mice per group). Lower panels show amplifications of upper panel insets. Yellow arrows indicate the damage-affected cartilage areas. b Summed scores for femur and tibia. *p < 0.05. c Maximum scores for femur and tibia. *p < 0.05. d Histology of joints in the DMM model. Wild-type and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2–knockout mice were subjected to DMM. TSA was administrated daily (2.0 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. The mouse joints were stained with Safranin O/Fast Green. Representative images are shown (n = 6 mice per group). Lower panels show amplifications of upper panel insets. Yellow arrows indicate the damage-affected cartilage areas. e Summed scores for femur and tibia. *p < 0.05. f Maximum scores for femur and tibia. *p < 0.05