Fig. 4

Trichostatin A (TSA) improves the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-associated proteins and the induction of inflammatory cytokines in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) OA mice. a Western blot analysis of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) from joints of MIA-OA or TSA-treated MIA-OA wild-type (WT) mice. The quantification was done on the right side. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with MIA-OA mice. b Western blot analysis of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 from joints of MIA-OA and TSA-treated MIA-OA WT mice. The quantification was done on the right side. **p < 0.01 compared with MIA-OA mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (c), interleukin (IL)-1β (d), and IL-6 (e) from joint tissues of MIA-OA or TSA-treated MIA-OA WT mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with MIA-OA mice. f Western blot analysis of acetylated nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Ac-Nrf2) and acetylated histone 3 (ac-H3) from MIA-OA or TSA-treated MIA-OA WT mice (three mice in each group). Total Nrf2 and histone 3 served as internal controls. All the Western blot analysis results are representative of, and the statistical analyses were performed with results from, at least six animals