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Table 3 Assessments of shoulder muscle strength, shoulder movement shoulder pain, hand-grip force and the DASH questionnaire in the patient and reference groups

From: Significantly impaired shoulder function in the first years of rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study

Variable

Patient group (n = 103)

Reference group (n = 103)

Difference between groupsa

p value

Shoulder strength (kg), 5 seconds d. arm

3.67 (1.64)

5.59 (1.22)

–1.92 (–2.32; –1.52)

<0.0001

3.60 (0.40; 7.70)

5.40 (3.10; 9.90)

n = 102

n = 103

Shoulder abduction (°), d. arm

164.3 (23.1)

178.7 (4.1)

–14.4 (–19.0; –9.7)

<0.0001

170.0 (45.0; 180.0)

180.0 (160.0; 180.0)

n = 101

n = 101

Shoulder–arm movement, 5–30, d. arm

27.4 (2.9)

29.7 (0.7)

–2.29 (–2.87; –1.72)

<0.0001

28.0 (11.0; 30.0)

30.0 (26.0; 30.0)

Shoulder pain, 0–50, d. arm

7.63 (7.12)

0.88 (2.14)

6.80 (5.35; 8.24)

<0.0001

6.00 (0.00; 38.00)

0.00 (0.00; 12.00)

Hand-grip force (N), 10 seconds d. arm

159 (78.2)

288 (60.0)

–128 (–147; –109)

<0.0001

151 (16.0; 350)

294 (157; 441)

DASH, 0–100

25.7 (17.3)

2.63 (5.36)

23.1 (19.5; 26.6)

<0.0001

21.3 (0.0; 73.3)

0.83 (0.0; 26.7)

n = 102

n = 102

  1. For continuous variables, mean (standard deviation) or median (minimum; maximum) per participant is presented For comparison between groups, the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables
  2. aMean (95 % confidence interval)
  3. d dominant, DASH Disability of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand