Table 2 Comparison of clinical parameters, HRpQCT, and BMD among AS patients based on sex, mSASSS, and HLA-B27

Men (%)

29 (55)

–

–

20 (71)

9 (36)*

22 (61)

6 (38)

Caucasians

40 (75)

20 (69)

20 (83)

20 (71)

20 (80)

30 (83)

10 (63)

Age (years)

44 ± 12

45 ± 12

43 ± 11

48 ± 11*

39 ± 11

45 ± 12

40 ± 11

Disease duration (years)

17 (7–27)

21 (9–28)*

12 (4–20)

24 (9–32)*

12 (4–20)

20 (8–28)

11 (6–22)

BMI (kg/m²)

27 (22–32)

27 (25–32)

24 (21–32)

27 (24–30)

26 (22–32)

26 (22–29)

23 (27–36)

Current smoking (%)

20 (38)

13 (44)

7 (29)

12 (43)

8 (32)

14 (39)

5 (31)

Heavy alcohol use (%)^a

2 (4)

2 (7)

0 (0)

1 (4)

1 (4)

1 (3)

1 (6)

Corticosteroid use (%)

3 (6)

1 (3)

2 (8)

0 (0)

2 (8)

0 (0)

2 (13)

Bisphosphonate use (%)

4 (9)

3 (16)

1 (5.3)

2 (7)

2 (8)

2 (5)

2 (11)

Use of DMARDs (%)

7 (13)

5 (17)

2 (8)

5 (18)

2 (8)

3 (8)

3 (19)

NSAID use (%)

47 (89)

26 (90)

21 (88)

25 (89)

22 (88)

29 (81)

10 (63)

IBD (%)

8 (18)

3 (10)

5 (13)

3 (10)

5 (20)

4 (11)

3 (19)

Psoriasis (%)

8 (18)

5 (17)

3 (13)

6 (20)

2 (8)

6 (17)

2 (13)

BASDAI

6.7 (4.8–7.9)

5.8 (4.3–7.0)*

7.5 (5.7–8.4)

6.5 (4.3–7.5)

6.8 (5.5–8.0)

6.6 (4.3–7.5)

7.5 (4.7–8.8)

mSASSS

2 (0–11)

8 (1–16)*

0 (0–2)

–

–

2 (0–15)

1 (0–7)

mSASSS > 0 (%)

28 (53)

20 (69)*

8 (33)

–

–

21 (58)

6 (38)

Fragility fractures (%)

5 (9)

4 (14)

1 (4)

4 (14)

1 (4)

4 (11)

2 (13)

Serum ESR (mm/hour)

21.9 ± 22.5

18 ± 19

25 ± 25

30.7 ± 26.9*

12.8 ± 10.9

21 ± 23

22 ± 20

Serum CRP (mg/l)

13.3 ± 16.7

13 ± 17

11 ± 15

19.6 ± 20.1*

6.1 ± 6.8

13 ± 18

12 ± 13

SAP (IU)

94 ± 41

88 ± 19

103 ± 60

106.8 ± 46.6*

80.7 ± 30.1

92 ± 41

99 ± 42