Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for variables associated with musculoskeletal pain alone and combined with increased pain sensitivity among females

Cortisol response group

 Cluster 1

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

1.8 (0.9–3.7)

2.3 (1.0–5.0)^c

2.8 (1.1–6.8)^c

2.2 (1.0–4.8)

3.5 (1.3–9.7)^c

 Cluster 2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Cluster 3

0.6 (0.3–1.4)

1.1 (0.4–2.8)

0.9 (0.3–2.7)

1.5 (0.4–5.5)

0.8 (0.3–2.6)

1.7 (0.3–8.2)

Oral contraceptive use

 No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Yes

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

0.8 (0.4–2.0)

0.6 (0.2–1.8)

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

0.4 (0.1–1.4)

Smoking

 No

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Yes

0.9 (0.3–2.9)

1.6 (0.5–5.3)

0.7 (0.1–3.6)

1.1 (0.2–6.2)

0.2 (0.0–1.9)

0.7 (0.1–6.7)

Body mass index

 Normal

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Overweight

1.2 (0.6–2.6)

1.3 (0.6–2.9)

0.6 (0.2–1.6)

0.7 (0.2–2.2)

0.4 (0.1–1.3)

0.9 (0.3–3.1)

 Obese

1.3 (0.4–3.6)

0.6 (0.2–1.9)

0.7 (0.2–2.5)

0.4 (0.1–2.1)

0.6 (0.2–2.3)

0.2 (0.0–2.0)

Physical activity level

 0 h/wk

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 0.1–4.9 h/wk

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

1.3 (0.6–2.5)

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

1.1 (0.4–2.5)

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

0.6 (0.2–1.7)

  ≥ 5.0 h/wk

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

0.8 (0.3–2.0)

0.5 (0.2–1.3)

0.7 (0.2–2.0)

0.3 (0.1–0.8)

0.3 (0.1–1.2)

Depressive symptoms

 Minimal

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Mild

1.8 (0.9–3.9)

1.7 (0.7–3.7)

2.0 (0.8–4.8)

1.9 (0.7–5.2)

2.0 (0.8–5.0)

1.0 (0.3–3.5)

 Moderate to severe

1.3 (0.5–3.0)

1.7 (0.7–4.3)

0.7 (0.2–2.1)

0.8 (0.2–2.9)

0.9 (0.3–2.6)

0.6 (0.2–2.5)