Table 3 Summary of participant demographics in ESI and surgery treatment cohorts

Gender distribution

 Male

10 (37%)

31 (39%)

0.89

 Female

17 (63%)

49 (61%)

Age (mean ± SD)

55 ± 18

49 ± 13

0.07

BMI (mean ± SD)

29.8 ± 6.3

28.9 ± 5.6

0.53

Diagnosis breakdown (%)

 DH

13 (48%)

59 (74%)

0.046*

 Other Dx

14 (52%)

21 (26%)

  Spinal Stenosis

7

19

  DDD

7

2

Symptom Duration (months, mean ± SD)

20 ± 23

24 ± 42

0.71

Smoking History (pk yrs, mean ± SD)

5.0 ± 8.9

7.6 ± 13.2

0.51

Pfirmann Grade Distribution (Number of subjects per grade)

 Grade I

1

0

 Grade II

2

4

0.006*

 Grade III

3

12

 Grade IV

16

38

 Grade V

5

26