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Fig. 5 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Autophagy induction contributes to the resistance to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells through high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1

Fig. 5

Autophagy induction contributed to the resistance to methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS) through high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1). Cells were transfected with either HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a nontarget control siRNA for 48 h, and the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, types I and II (LC3 I and LC3 II, respectively) was verified by Western blotting (a, b, and c). The numbers of dead cells were determined by flow cytometry following annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining (d and e). Data in columns represent the mean of three independent experiments, and values in (c) and (e) are the mean ± standard deviation. The Mann–Whitney U test was chosen for analysis of data for the numbers of dead cells without MTX treatment, while Student’s t test was used for the rest of the data. *p < 0.05 vs. control siRNA

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